How is messenger RNA made and processed to mature RNA. List all the steps

How is messenger RNA made and processed to mature RNA. List all the steps

Expert Solution

After transcription the nascent RNA produced from the DNA is known as nascent pre-mRNA. This pre-mRNA can't undergo translation directly and needs some modifications to becomes mature mRNA and the process through which pre-mRNA becomes mature mRNA is called as RNA processing about which we will discuss here. The processing of mRNA consists of 3 steps :

A. 5' capping

B. Adenylation of 3' tail

C. Splicing of pre mRNA

A. 5 ' capping

A 7 - methylguanosine acts as a cap and added to the 5' end of the pre-mRNA. This additional of 7 - methylguanosine to the 5 ' end of pre-mRNA is known as 5 ' capping. The 5' capping protects the pre-mRNA from degradation and also the factor responsible for synthesis of protein from mRNA (translation) recognizes this 5 ' capped end of the mRNA for starting of translation.

B. Adenylation of 3 ' tail

Poly A polymerase enzyme adds about 200 adenosine nucleotides to the 3' end of the pre-mRNA. Hence these added adenosine nucleotides forms a long chain like structure at the 3' end and hence this process is known as adenylation of 3' end. It also protects the mRNA from degradation and helps in recognition for initiating the translation process. It also helps in transport of mRNA from nucleus to cytoplasm before starting of translation.

C. Splicing of pre mRNA

The mRNA contains two types of nucleotide sequences. The nucleotide sequences which can synthesize functional protein are known as exons while the nucleotide sequences which can't synthesize functional protein are known as introns. Hence the introns needs to be removed from the pre-mRNA before starting of translation so as to synthesize a functional protein or polypeptide chain. The removal of introns from the pre-mRNA and joining of the exons is known as splicing of pre-mRNA. This splicing of pre-mRNA is done by a complex of proteins known as spliceosomes.

After splicing of the pre-mRNA, the pre-mRNA becomes mature mRNA and than the mature mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm in case of eukaryotes to start the process of translation for synthesis of protein from the mRNA.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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