Which of these events occur as a prokaryotic mRNA is being transcribed that does not occur in a eukaryotic cell?

• A. splicing
• B. addition of a cap
• C. addition of a poly-A tail
• D. binding of ribosomes before transcription concludes
• E. more than one of the above

1. Which of the following would you expect to have a microbiome?

1. A human
2. An alligator
3. A prion
4. All of the above
5. A and B

2. Which location in a healthy animal would be least likely to have a normal microbiota?

1. Brain
2. Large intestine
3. Small intestine
4. Skin
5. Upper respiratory tract

3. Within a human intestine, which type of microbe would have the highest density?

1. Archaea
2. Bacteria
3. Fungi
4. Protozoa
5. Viruses

4. Which of the following would be considered virulence factors in bacteria?

1. Capsule
2. Toxin
3. Plasmid containing genes for antibiotic resistance
4. All of the above
5. A and B

1. In scientific peer review:

a) list 3 possible fates authors face an editor reaches a decision from the reviewers

b) which of these fates is most likley if the journal is a high-profile, widely-read publication

Imagine you are a tetrapod ancestor about to leave the freshwater pond you’ve always inhabited and invade land. Consider the ventilatory and osmoregulatory challenges you have to face when you switch from a water environment to a terrestrial environment. How can you acclimate to the new habitat to succeed during your own lifetime? What adaptive changes does your species need to make in order to dominate various terrestrial environments for millions of years to come?

You do some research and find that a census of Ireland in the 1910s found 65 individuals afflicted with cystic fibrosis out of 100,000 people. You want to investigate whether the gene involved in cystic fibrosis is under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. To do this, you use the frequencies observed in the present to determine the expected number of individuals in each class in the 1910 study.

Frequencies observed in the present: p=.97 , q=.03

Fill in the following table (2 points):

Use the ?² table provided below to infer the p-value of the test (0.5 points)

Reminder: the p value is found by cross referencing the ?²value with the critical value. For example, if your ?² value is 5.34 and the degree of freedom is 1, you would say 0.05 > p-value> 0.01.

Can you conclude that the gene involved in Cystic fibrosis is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium with 95% certainty? Explain why or why not in a sentence or two. (0.5 point)

Explain how protein synthesis in Eukaryotes differs from protein synthesis in prokaryotes

One page summary of recent discovery in the field of genetics.

Which of the following statements correctly describes telomerase?

• A. Telomerase carries its own RNA template.
• B. Inactivation of telomerase contributes to the extended life span of cancer cells.
• C. Telomerase inactivation is responsible for all forms of progeria.
• D. Telomerase separates the circular daughter strands in E. coli DNA replication.
• E. Telomerase extends the 3’-ends of the lagging strand template of circular chromosomes.

1

Which of the following is not a typical product of ETS?

Group of answer choices

a NAD+

b FAD

c CO2

d H2O

2

Group of answer choices

a membrane lipids are in the cis conformation

b the number of carbons composing the tails are an uneven number

c proteins are embedded within only one membrane leaflet

d the lipid bilayer is “fluid” in regard only in regard to the protein composition

3

The reaction center chlorophyll of photosystem I is known as P700 because:

Group of answer choices

a it absorbs 700 photons per minute

b there are 700 photosystem I components to each chloroplast

c this pigment is best at absorbing light with a wavelength of 700 nm

d there are 700 chlorophyll molecules in the center

4

Which of the following best describes the rate of diffusion for the indicated molecules across a biological membrane going from fastest rate to slowest rate?                   

Group of answer choices

a sodium ion, glycerol, oxygen

b oxygen, sodium ion, glycerol

c glycerol, oxygen, sodium ion

d oxygen, glycerol, sodium ion

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5

Which of the following is false concerning either photosynthesis or respiration:

Group of answer choices

a the cytochromes of the ETS are located within the matrix

b Light harvesting complexes capture photons in the light dependent reaction

c terminal oxidation involves O2 as the final electron acceptor in ETS

d the cyclic electron flow in photosynthesis is used to maintain the correct ratio of NADPH and ATP, using H+ flow to make additional ATP

6

Which of the following statements is true of fermentation?

Group of answer choices

a it produces more energy per glucose molecule than does aerobic respiration

b it produces a net gain of ATP

c it is an aerobic process

d is used to regenerate NADH

e will produce ethanol and CO2

5

The carbon assimilation (Calvin cycle) stage of photosynthesis requires:

Group of answer choices

ATP, NADPH and CO2

ATP, NAD, and hydrogen

ATP, NADPH, and oxygen

ATP, hydrogen, and oxygen

6

Which of the following would you expect to find predominating in the plasma membrane of a unicellular eukaryotic organism thriving in glacier ice?

Group of answer choices

20 carbon long fatty acids with 1 double bond

16 carbon long fatty acids with 3 double bonds

20 carbon long saturated fatty acids

18 carbon long fatty acids with 1 double bond

5

Which statement is correct about facilitated diffusion?

Group of answer choices

facilitated diffusion requires energy in the form of ATP

facilitated diffusion can transport a molecule against a concentration gradient

facilitated diffusion can occur only in specific cell types

the rate of facilitated diffusion is limited by the number of transport proteins in the membrane

6

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is true:

Group of answer choices

glycolysis does not operate in the absence of O2

glycolysis produces a net gain of ATP

the end products of glycolysis are CO2 and H2O

glycolysis has steps involving oxidation, but not reduction reactions

the enzymes for glycolysis are located in the golgi

7

The oxidized form of this electron carrier is:

Group of answer choices

FADH2

FAD

8

The photosystem that captures light at 680 nm

Group of answer choices

PSII

PSI

9

Location of the light independent reaction

Group of answer choices

Stroma

Thylakoid

10

Which of the following does not occur as the result of the noncyclic flow of electrons in photosynthesis?

Group of answer choices

NADP+ picks up hydrogen ions and electrons, forming NADPH

ADP is phosphorylated to produce ATP

water is split, releasing O2

FADH2 is oxidized into FAD

11

Which of the following is not a major function of the plasma membrane?

Group of answer choices

production of DNA used to make proteins for the cell membrane

regulation of ions and molecules passing into and out of the cell

contact, recognition, and communication between cell types

separation of fluid and contents between the inside and outside of the cell

If you were preparing a 100 mL of a 2% sucrose solution. How much sucrose is needed to make this solution?

How do you make a 1% MgCl2 solution?

When you make coffee and add cream and sugar, what is the solvent?

An 18-year-old female incurred a deep penetrating injury of the dorsum of her right foot when a kitchen knife fell from a platter she was carrying while going barefoot. The initial injury partially resolved; however, three days later the foot began to swell, become red, and painful. A deep subcutaneous abscess developed, with a central sinus tract from which a cloudy, serous fluid exuded. A gram stain from the wound showed many gram positive cocci in clusters. Colonies isolated from the specimen were described as entire, convex, and smooth, with a slight yellow pigmentation. Beta hemolysis was observed.

The tricuspid and mitral valves are known as the
a. chordae tendineae.
b. semilunar valves.
c. coronary valves.
d. atrioventricular (AV) valves.

1. If you were preparing a 1 L of a 1M NaCl solution How much NaCl is needed to make this solution?

2. How you would make only 100 mL of a 1M NaCl solution? Show your work.

3. How do you make a 1M MgCl2 solution?