Convert the binary data “101010000111” into analog waveforms
using following
modulation techniques:
a. Two level Amplitude Shift Keying
b. Two level Frequency Shift Keying
c. Two level Phase Shift Keying
d. Differential Phase shift keying
e. Four level Amplitude Shift Keying
f. Four level Phase Shift Keying
g. Eight level Amplitude Shift Keying
2. For the above techniques, let suppose the time required to send
one signal is 1 us.
Compute the time required to send the whole data for all the
techniques
In: Electrical Engineering
Consider a closed-loop system with unity feedback. For each G(s) hand sketch the Nyquist plot. Determine Z = P + N, algebraically find the closed-loop pole location, and show that the closed-loop pole location is consistent with the Nyquist plot calculation. K = 2.
a) KG(s) = 2(s-1)
b) KG(s) = 2(s+1)
c)KG(s) = 2/(s+1)
d) KG(s) = 2/(s-1)
In: Electrical Engineering
Assume that an EM plane wave with an electric field intensity E = (3xˆ − 5zˆ) cos(3ωt − 7z − 4x) (V m−1) is incident from air on the dielectric medium μ = μ0, ε = 3.2ε0 at x > 0. Determine: i) the incident and transmission angles; ii) the reflection and transmission coeffiients; iii) The Brewster angle. How do the determined values differ for those in vacuum?
In: Electrical Engineering
Use the Smith Chart to find the input impedance of a lossless line of length l terminated in a normalised load impedance zL for l = 0.2λ and zL = 1 + j2. How the value of the input impedance will change if l = 0.5λ? (Show all steps on the Smith chart).
In: Electrical Engineering
In: Electrical Engineering
A 12-bit Hamming code word containing 8 data bits and 4 parity bits is read from memory. What was the original 12-bit word written into memory, if the 12-bit word read were the following?
(i) 000011101010
(ii) 101110000110
(iii) 101111110100
In: Electrical Engineering
Determine the values of inductor and filter capacitor for a buck converter with following specifications: Input= 48V, output = 24V, Load curernt = 6A, switching frequency = 20kHz, ripple current = 30%
In: Electrical Engineering
Project Assignment
Construct the Y_bus matrix of a given power network by computer programming, preferably MATLAB. Note that the necessary data are available in the IEEE common data format; and as the working data, you can use the IEEE 14-bus system data.
Due Date: December 26, 2019.
08/19/93 UW ARCHIVE 100.0 1962 W IEEE 14 Bus Test Case BUS DATA FOLLOWS 14 ITEMS 1 Bus 1 HV 1 1 3 1.060 0.0 0.0 0.0 232.4 -16.9 0.0 1.060 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 2 Bus 2 HV 1 1 2 1.045 -4.98 21.7 12.7 40.0 42.4 0.0 1.045 50.0 -40.0 0.0 0.0 0 3 Bus 3 HV 1 1 2 1.010 -12.72 94.2 19.0 0.0 23.4 0.0 1.010 40.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 4 Bus 4 HV 1 1 0 1.019 -10.33 47.8 -3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 Bus 5 HV 1 1 0 1.020 -8.78 7.6 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 6 Bus 6 LV 1 1 2 1.070 -14.22 11.2 7.5 0.0 12.2 0.0 1.070 24.0 -6.0 0.0 0.0 0 7 Bus 7 ZV 1 1 0 1.062 -13.37 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 8 Bus 8 TV 1 1 2 1.090 -13.36 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.4 0.0 1.090 24.0 -6.0 0.0 0.0 0 9 Bus 9 LV 1 1 0 1.056 -14.94 29.5 16.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.19 0 10 Bus 10 LV 1 1 0 1.051 -15.10 9.0 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 11 Bus 11 LV 1 1 0 1.057 -14.79 3.5 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 12 Bus 12 LV 1 1 0 1.055 -15.07 6.1 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 13 Bus 13 LV 1 1 0 1.050 -15.16 13.5 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 14 Bus 14 LV 1 1 0 1.036 -16.04 14.9 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 -999 BRANCH DATA FOLLOWS 20 ITEMS 1 2 1 1 1 0 0.01938 0.05917 0.0528 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 5 1 1 1 0 0.05403 0.22304 0.0492 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 3 1 1 1 0 0.04699 0.19797 0.0438 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 4 1 1 1 0 0.05811 0.17632 0.0340 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 5 1 1 1 0 0.05695 0.17388 0.0346 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 4 1 1 1 0 0.06701 0.17103 0.0128 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 5 1 1 1 0 0.01335 0.04211 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 7 1 1 1 0 0.0 0.20912 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.978 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 9 1 1 1 0 0.0 0.55618 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.969 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 6 1 1 1 0 0.0 0.25202 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.932 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6 11 1 1 1 0 0.09498 0.19890 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6 12 1 1 1 0 0.12291 0.25581 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6 13 1 1 1 0 0.06615 0.13027 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7 8 1 1 1 0 0.0 0.17615 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7 9 1 1 1 0 0.0 0.11001 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9 10 1 1 1 0 0.03181 0.08450 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9 14 1 1 1 0 0.12711 0.27038 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 11 1 1 1 0 0.08205 0.19207 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12 13 1 1 1 0 0.22092 0.19988 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13 14 1 1 1 0 0.17093 0.34802 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -999 LOSS ZONES FOLLOWS 1 ITEMS 1 IEEE 14 BUS -99 INTERCHANGE DATA FOLLOWS 1 ITEMS 1 2 Bus 2 HV 0.0 999.99 IEEE14 IEEE 14 Bus Test Case -9 TIE LINES FOLLOWS 0 ITEMS -999 END OF DATA
Partial Description of the IEEE Common Data Format for the
Exchange of Solved Load Flow Data
The complete description can be found in the paper "Common Data
Format for the Exchange of Solved Load Flow Data", Working Group on a
Common Format for the Exchange of Solved Load Flow Data, _IEEE
Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems_, Vol. PAS-92, No. 6,
November/December 1973, pp. 1916-1925.
The data file has lines of up to 128 characters. The lines are grouped
into sections with section headers. Data items are entered in specific
columns. No blank items are allowed, enter zeros instead. Floating point
items should have explicit decimal point. No implicit decimal points
are used.
Data type codes: A - Alphanumeric (no special characters)
I - Integer
F - Floating point
* - Mandatory item
Title Data
==========
First card in file.
Columns 2- 9 Date, in format DD/MM/YY with leading zeros. If no date
provided, use 0b/0b/0b where b is blank.
Columns 11-30 Originator's name (A)
Columns 32-37 MVA Base (F*)
Columns 39-42 Year (I)
Column 44 Season (S - Summer, W - Winter)
Column 46-73 Case identification (A)
Bus Data *
==========
Section start card *:
---------------------
Columns 1-16 BUS DATA FOLLOWS (not clear that any more than BUS in
1-3 is significant) *
Columns ?- ? NNNNN ITEMS (column not clear, I would not count on this)
Bus data cards *:
-----------------
Columns 1- 4 Bus number (I) *
Columns 7-17 Name (A) (left justify) *
Columns 19-20 Load flow area number (I) Don't use zero! *
Columns 21-23 Loss zone number (I)
Columns 25-26 Type (I) *
0 - Unregulated (load, PQ)
1 - Hold MVAR generation within voltage limits, (PQ)
2 - Hold voltage within VAR limits (gen, PV)
3 - Hold voltage and angle (swing, V-Theta) (must always
have one)
Columns 28-33 Final voltage, p.u. (F) *
Columns 34-40 Final angle, degrees (F) *
Columns 41-49 Load MW (F) *
Columns 50-59 Load MVAR (F) *
Columns 60-67 Generation MW (F) *
Columns 68-75 Generation MVAR (F) *
Columns 77-83 Base KV (F)
Columns 85-90 Desired volts (pu) (F) (This is desired remote voltage if
this bus is controlling another bus.
Columns 91-98 Maximum MVAR or voltage limit (F)
Columns 99-106 Minimum MVAR or voltage limit (F)
Columns 107-114 Shunt conductance G (per unit) (F) *
Columns 115-122 Shunt susceptance B (per unit) (F) *
Columns 124-127 Remote controlled bus number
Section end card:
-----------------
Columns 1- 4 -999
Branch Data *
=============
Section start card *:
---------------------
Columns 1-16 BRANCH DATA FOLLOWS (not clear that any more than BRANCH
is significant) *
Columns 40?- ? NNNNN ITEMS (column not clear, I would not count on this)
Branch data cards *:
--------------------
Columns 1- 4 Tap bus number (I) *
For transformers or phase shifters, the side of the model
the non-unity tap is on
Columns 6- 9 Z bus number (I) *
For transformers and phase shifters, the side of the model
the device impedance is on.
Columns 11-12 Load flow area (I)
Columns 13-14 Loss zone (I)
Column 17 Circuit (I) * (Use 1 for single lines)
Column 19 Type (I) *
0 - Transmission line
1 - Fixed tap
2 - Variable tap for voltage control (TCUL, LTC)
3 - Variable tap (turns ratio) for MVAR control
4 - Variable phase angle for MW control (phase shifter)
Columns 20-29 Branch resistance R, per unit (F) *
Columns 30-40 Branch reactance X, per unit (F) * No zero impedance lines
Columns 41-50 Line charging B, per unit (F) * (total line charging, +B)
Columns 51-55 Line MVA rating No 1 (I) Left justify!
Columns 57-61 Line MVA rating No 2 (I) Left justify!
Columns 63-67 Line MVA rating No 3 (I) Left justify!
Columns 69-72 Control bus number
Column 74 Side (I)
0 - Controlled bus is one of the terminals
1 - Controlled bus is near the tap side
2 - Controlled bus is near the impedance side (Z bus)
Columns 77-82 Transformer final turns ratio (F)
Columns 84-90 Transformer (phase shifter) final angle (F)
Columns 91-97 Minimum tap or phase shift (F)
Columns 98-104 Maximum tap or phase shift (F)
Columns 106-111 Step size (F)
Columns 113-119 Minimum voltage, MVAR or MW limit (F)
Columns 120-126 Maximum voltage, MVAR or MW limit (F)
Section end card:
-----------------
Columns 1- 4 -999
Loss Zone Data
==============
Section start card
------------------
Columns 1-16 LOSS ZONES FOLLOWS (not clear that any more than LOSS
is significant)
Columns 40?- ? NNNNN ITEMS (column not clear, I would not count on this)
Loss Zone Cards:
----------------
Columns 1- 3 Loss zone number (I)
Columns 5-16 Loss zone name (A)
Section end card:
-----------------
Columns 1- 3 -99
Interchange Data *
==================
Section start card
------------------
Columns 1-16 INTERCHANGE DATA FOLLOWS (not clear that any more than
first word is significant).
Columns 40?- ? NNNNN ITEMS (column not clear, I would not count on this)
Interchange Data Cards *:
-------------------------
Columns 1- 2 Area number (I) no zeros! *
Columns 4- 7 Interchange slack bus number (I) *
Columns 9-20 Alternate swing bus name (A)
Columns 21-28 Area interchange export, MW (F) (+ = out) *
Columns 30-35 Area interchange tolerance, MW (F) *
Columns 38-43 Area code (abbreviated name) (A) *
Columns 46-75 Area name (A)
Section end card:
-----------------
Columns 1- 2 -9
Tie Line Data
=============
Section start card
------------------
Columns 1-16 TIE LINES FOLLOW (not clear that any more than TIE
is significant)
Columns 40?- ? NNNNN ITEMS (column not clear, I would not count on this)
Tie Line Cards:
---------------
Columns 1- 4 Metered bus number (I)
Columns 7-8 Metered area number (I)
Columns 11-14 Non-metered bus number (I)
Columns 17-18 Non-metered area number (I)
Column 21 Circuit number
Section end card:
-----------------
Columns 1- 3 -999
In: Electrical Engineering
List 3 reasons why adapter plates are installed?
In: Electrical Engineering
Sketch a circuit for a basic class-A power amplifier and determine the maximum efficiency of this amplifier configuration. Under what conditions is amplifier efficiency at a maximum? How realistic are these
assumptions?
In: Electrical Engineering
A literature review on synchronous motors (history, advantages, disadvantages, limitations, real life applications
In: Electrical Engineering
Create a circuit that produces 600khz sine wave in Multisim. Provide a Oscilloscope graph in Multisim. please show the components used
In: Electrical Engineering
Q1: Choose the correct answer:
1- If the rotor of the induction motor is ……, then the rotor frequency will be zero
(A) Rotating at no load.
(B) rotating at the synchronous speed.
(C) locked.
(D) All of the above.
2- The …….. winding is placed near the transformer
core.
A) primary.
B) secondary.
C) low-voltage.
D) high-voltage.
3- An ideal transformer does not have any
A) copper losses.
B) core losses.
C) leakage
flux.
D) All of the above.
Q2: True or false:
1) The synchronous speed of the induction motor decreases as the supply frequency increases ( )
2) The motoring mode of the induction machine, the slip is lower than zero. ( )
3) Normally, the transformer efficiency does not depend on load current and load power factor ( )
4) The excitation current of the transformer is a very large current compared to the load current ( )
5) the open-circuit test of the transformer, the wattmeter reading represents the core-losses in the windings ( )
6) The induction motors are used in wind power generation ( )
In: Electrical Engineering
What will be the revised nameplate data for a 3-phase, 60Hz,
480V, 30A, 20kW,
1435 rpm totally enclosed fan ventilated induction motor in the
following
circumstances?
1. For the use on 3-phase 50Hz supply without modification
11. After rewinding the motor with coils having half as many turns
using wires
having twice the cross sectional area
111. For a modified construction of the motor with 10% increase of
the active
length
In: Electrical Engineering
I'm creating a heating control PID project, and the system is first order and is characterized using this equation------->>>C(s)/R(s)=1/(sT+1) {PID has not been implemented}. My Question how does this characterization equation(C(s)/R(s)=1/(sT+1)) relate to the PID equation Kp( 1 + 1/(TI*s) + Td*s)
In: Electrical Engineering