1) What are the advantages of the sympathetic postganglionic neuron using norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter to communicate with effector organs/tissues compared to the parasympathetic postganglionic neuron using acetylcholine to communicate with effector organs/tissues?

Please Use your keyboard (Don't use handwriting)

*Course Name: Principles of Microbiology for Public Health BIOL103

I need new and unique answers, please. (Use your own words, don't copy and paste)

( Please i need more than 500 words please)

Q) Please compose an essay addressing the following topic:

VACCINES

Discuss the role of Microbiology in context to Public health for the above topic. Explain the different uses and support provided by microbiology in Vaccination Public Health programs.

Your essay must be structured as follows:

Introduction

Body

Conclusion

I need new and unique answers, please. (Use your own words, don't copy and paste)

( Please i need more than 500 words please)

Vignette #1: A 77-year-old woman was cooking in the kitchen when she collapsed onto the floor. Her daughter called an ambulance and the woman was taken to the emergency room. She had suffered a stroke, and slowly regained consciousness over the next two days. However, when she woke up, she had the following signs and symptoms:- loss of sight (although pupils were reactive to light
)- partial amnesia (loss of memory) - inability to create and store new long-term memories.

Vignette #2: A 61-year-old business executive with a long history of high blood pressure collapsed while jogging over the lunch hour. His jogging mate quickly contacted a police officer who helped carry the man to a hospital just down the road. At the hospital, an MRI was performed that revealed a blockage of a major cerebral artery and ischemic changes to the portion of the brain supplied by that artery. With quick medical attention, the man was stabilized, and he slowly improved over the next three weeks. The following signs and symptoms did persist, however:- weakness of the facial and upper extremity muscles on the left side - loss of sensory discrimination when objects are placed into the left hand - significant mood and character changes.

1. Based upon the patient's symptoms in Vignette #1, which cerebral artery was blocked? Your explanation should include which area(s) of the brain is/are affected as indicated by the reported symptoms, and how that leads to your identification of the blocked blood vessel. (Be Specific)

2. Which artery was blocked in Vignette #2? Your explanation should include which area(s) of the brain is/are affected as indicated by the reported symptoms, and how that leads to your identification of the blocked blood vessel. (Be Specific)

3. Take a moment to consider the “Circle of Willis”. Assuming both patients have a fully connected Circle of Willis, would you predict that blood flow to the affected areas would be maintained despite the blockage? Why or why not?

4. Propose a possible treatment for the patient in this case study. How does this treatment improve conditions for the patient? Are these improvements seen at the cellular, tissue, organ or systemic level?

What energy system recovers most slowly with repeated sprints and why?

a) glycolysis

b)oxidative phosphorylation

c)phosphocreatine hydrolysis

Please show work. Thank you!

As a third year medical, you find yourself the only “doctor” on duty in the Emergency Room (ER) when the residents, having been working for 36 hours, are trying to catch some sleep. A 62 year old male patient has been brought into the ER that is severely dehydrated. Not wanting to disturb the residents, you tried to administer water orally, but the patient vomited. Realizing the emergency and need to hydration, you grab the first sterile fluid available to you, sterile water, and administer 1 liter intravenously (IV).

The questions that follow are to determine the consequences of your actions. Assume that the patient weighs 160 lbs with a hematocrit of 54%. The osmolarity of the patient’s blood before the infusion is 300 mOsm/L.

Predict the direction of change (increase, decrease or not change) you expect the infusion to have on the following parameters:

Based on the patient’s weight, calculate their plasma volume before you administered the IV. Average blood volume in a male is 75 mL per Kg. (show calculations)

Plasma volume (Liters) ____________

Use this number to calculate the osmolality of the patient’s blood after the IV. (show calculations)

Osmolality (mOsm/L)___________

After your treatment, the patient’s condition got much worse so a resident was called. The resident drew blood for routine lab tests, one of which is determining the hematocrit. The lab tech reports the hematocrit is lower than when the patient came in (only 45% down from 54%) and the plasma portion was pink. The resident immediately infused the patient with Lactated Ringers.

Why was the patient’s plasma pink?

If you had given the patient a sterile sucrose solution instead of sterile distilled water, what would the concentration of sucrose would need to be used to prevent the above condition?

The resident, figuring out what you had done, infused the patient with 1 L of 600 mM sucrose solution (600 mOsm/L). Based on the plasma volume and osmolarity after your infusion, predict the following parameters as to whether they will increase, decrease or show no change.

Assuming that none of the 600 mOsm/L sucrose administered was absorbed or excreted, calculate the final plasma osmolality.

Final plasma osmolality ___________

3. Cancer is a disease related to uncontrolled cell division. Investigate two known causes for these rapidly dividing cells and use this knowledge to invent a drug that would inhibit the growth of cancer cells. ”

”2. What stage were most of the onion root tip cells in? Why does this make sense? ”

Click here to enter text.

”3. As a cell grows, what happens to its surface area : volume ratio? (Think of a balloon being blown up). How is this changing ratio related to cell division? ”

Click here to enter text.

”4. What is the function of mitosis in a cell that is about to divide? ”

Click here to enter text.

”5. What would happen if mitosis were uncontrolled? ”

Click here to enter text.

Compare Stage 1 of Hodgkin’s disease to Stage 3 for symptoms and efficacy of treatment. Include in your answer specific facts, data, examples,

True or False: When a muscle contracts, the movable bone moves AWAY from the muscle's origin?

Annotated Bibliography on Immigration Health

8 scholarly Articles sources

APA format and write abstract in your own words

Explain the process for assessing the variable field strength exposure of a person in an RF/microwave field.

1. Salivary amylase is a digestive enzyme which begins the digestion of ____

   1. Proteins

   2. Starch

   3. Lipids

   4. Glucose

   5. Nucleic acids

2. The ____ exits directly from the gallbladder

   1. Right hepatic duct

   2. Left hepatic duct

   3. Cystic duct

   4. Common bile duct

   5. Common hepatic duct

3. All of the following are areas of the stomach except ____

   1. Cardia

   2. Duodenum

   3. Fundus

   4. Body

   5. pylorus

4. Mumps is an inflammation and enlargement of the ___

   1. Appendix

   2. Gallbladder

   3. Pancreas

   4. Parotid glands

   5. tonsils

Answer the following questions in complete sentences.

1. To facilitate transport, the plasma membrane of a cell is selectively permeable. Define this term.
2. What is a solution? Describe and give examples of the two major components of solutions.
3. Explain concentration and concentration gradient.
4. Define diffusion and osmosis.
5. Compare and contrast diffusion and osmosis. Give at least 2 differences and 2 similarities.

Two stable cell lines generated from the RAS oncogene are cancerous, and now, with the ubiquitin thiolesterase (UCHL1) gene over-expression.

1. Propose a hypothesis to explain the differences in transient vs stable overexpression of the UCHL1 gene results.

2. Next, propose a series of experiments to test your hypothesis with controls.