Plz write in your own text and don't copy answers that was answered before since my teacher has (Plagiarism checker) thank you

1. Why are goblet cells necessary for GI tract function? Was there a difference in the amount of goblet cells in the stomach, duodenum, ileum, and large intestine? Explain why this difference occurs or does not occur.

2. What are Peyer’s patches?

3. Which type of cell is present in most of the pancreatic tissue, endocrine or exocrine? How do you know based on the slide that you viewed?

4. List the four main layers of the GI wall. What is the composition of each layer?

5. What are the main functions of the duodenum? How is this reflected in the structure of the duodenal wall?

In this laboratory experiment, you wanted to see the effect of Amylase with starch. So you performed the following:

In tube 1 - Combine equal volume of Amylase with Starch solution

In tube 2 - Combine Amylase with water

In tube 3 - Combine water with Starch solution

Let all three tubes sit in a 37C waterbath for 20 minutes. After the 20 minutes incubation was over, then you would test for the presence of starch. In the meantime, what would you predict? Based on what you know about enzymatic digestion, what do you expect here in these tubes? After the incubation period we added Iodine solutions to each tube to test for starch. Here are the results:

In tube 1 - white cloudy solution

In tube 2 - Yellowish solution

In tube 3 - Dark red solution

Explain this result, what happened in each tube? Why is adding iodine important to detect the presence of starch?

Discuss the causes and the pathophysiology of Melanoma.

Write a short essay on the interaction of the special senses with the autonomic nervous system

describe in detail the anatomy of capillaries

Give an example of a exercise test you would specifically use on an older population patient and why?

Give an example of a exercise test you would specifically use on an younger population patient and why?

2. In order for an effector to respond to a command via either of the endocrine or nervous system, it must be able to respond to a chemical (hormone or neurotransmitter). Explain how the effector is able to respond to these chemical signals (i.e. what must it have either in its membrane or inside its cells). Describe how this process of intercellular communication exemplifies the relationship between structure and function.

1. The surface of the heart has three layers of membranes to anchor the heart in its place and for lubrication purposes. What is the name of the 2 layers that secret serous fluid for lubrication purpose?

2. Using the skeleton as the reference points, where is the cardiac apex (Left or right of the sternum? Which intercostal space?)

what is a particular exercise and carefully detail how to perform that movement. Something like a sit up or push up. What possible skeletal or muscular disorders may prevent an individual from completing your movement?

Describe all the events (steps) that occur during a cardiac cycle for mammals (organisms with a double circulation), as well as the opening and closing of all heart valves and the signals arising from the SA and AV nodes How does this cycle contribute to metabolic homeostasis for our cells, and what is the purpose of the valves?

Questions

Question 1.

Equation 1: Mean Arterial Blood Pressure = Cardiac Output X Total Peripheral Resistance

   Equation 2: Blood Flow = Δ Blood Pressure / Resistance

If you increase the radius of a blood vessel this leads to a decrease in the resistance to blood flow along that blood vessel. If the difference in blood pressure between the beginning and the end of this blood vessel does not change, then according to equation 2, blood flow should increase.

But, equation 1 suggests that if you decrease resistance then you should decrease blood pressure. According to equation 2, if you decrease blood pressure then blood flow should decrease.

Therefore, there appears to be a conflict between the two equations with a decrease in resistance (equation 2) leading to an increase in blood flow but also leading to a decrease in blood pressure (equation 1) which should, in turn, lead to a decrease in blood flow (equation 2). However, there is no conflict. Think carefully about what the two equations represent and indicate why this apparent conflict does not exist.

1. Explain what is happening at the cellular level (including the cell types involved) in the following events of active adaptive immunity:
   1. Antigen Presentation:
   2. Antigen Detection:
   3. Activation of helper T cells:
   4. Production of antibodies by B cells:

2. Identify and describe how antigens are eliminated following the formation of an antigen-antibody complex using the following mechanisms:
   1. Activation of complement system:
   2. Attraction of phagocytes
   3. Opsonization
   4. Stimulating inflammation
   5. Preventing bacterial or viral adhesion.

4. Hyperkalemia is a dangerous condition that occurs when your blood has too much potassium. It can be caused by taking medications for hypertension. Based on what you know about potassium’s role in the body, explain specifically why high blood potassium is dangerous (2 pts). What hormone is released due to high blood potassium (1 pts)? How is this condition linked to hypertension medications such as ACE inhibitors (2 pts), angiotensin 2 antagonists (2 pts), and renin inhibitors(2 pts)? 1 pts for essay formatting, grammar and spelling.