Identify each type of muscle cell, their functions, locations, and describe how they look under microscope.

If muscle fiber concentration is all-or-none, how is graded muscular activity possible?

Considering the normal functions of the liver, describe how 3 of the functions would present in an abnormal manner

Discuss one factor that influences resting metabolic rate in humans. Please just discuss one factor that affects RMR. I want some depth to the content without going into details about lifestyle changes (that will be up to your peers to discuss in their replies).

Link: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dont-blame-your-metabolism/

1. If you measured someone and they had an extremely large navicular drop what muscles could help support their arch? What exercises could you give them to help strengthen those particular muscles? (Please answer both parts)

• Choose two organelles, describe their structure and function, and explain the functional relationship between the two organelles.

A patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy presents with fibrosis, where some of the contractile muscle fibers are replaced with scar tissue, although the nervous system and neuromuscular junction are not altered. In this patient the sarcomere length, muscle belly length, and fiber type distribution are equivalent to a control subject.

A. What would be the predicted change in maximum isometric force and maximum unloaded shortening velocity compared to a control subject. Describe using terms of muscle architecture (sarcomere arrangement- parallel and series).

B. this patient the muscle is only able to produce 200 N of maximum isometric force. The bicep tendon inserts 5 cm from the elbow axis of rotation and the wrist is 50 cm from the axis of rotation of the elbow. When the elbow is bent at 90˚, what is the maximum force that the patient can withstand at the wrist? (assume negligible weight of the forearm).

C. In DMD, the diaphragm cannot produce the required inspiration force. How is airflow altered during inspiration? Describe in terms of pulmonary pressures and volume.

D. A control subject is able to maintain a systemic arterial PO₂ of 100 mmHg and a venous PO₂ of 40 mmHg. A dystrophic patient is only able to reach an arterial PO₂ of 60 mmHg and venous PO₂ of 35 mmHg. How is O₂ delivery altered? How would arterial PO₂ be altered if this patient was strenuously exercising?

E. Treatments for DMD include gene therapies to restore dystrophin expression. However, this requires that the patients maintain immunosuppression for their lifetime because the dystrophin produced is not recognized as self. What type of adaptive immune cell produces an opsonizing agent? How are the muscle fibers affected by opsonization?

Mr. Johnson, much to his parents’ dismay, has decided to quit college and to become a
professional skateboarder. In order to bring attention to himself, Mr. Johnson decided to film
himself performing a trick and then to submit it to a cable channel program featuring various
‘daredevils’. Mr. Johnson planned to ride a stair railing at the local strip mall. Unfortunately the
trick failed and Mr. Johnson suffered fractures in his frontal bone as well as several facial bones
making up the orbit of his left eye. After trauma care and a bone reconstruction, Mr. Johnson exhibited external strabismus (eye rotates laterally), he could not focus on objects with his left
eye and his left pupil did not respond to changes in light intensity. A study of the activity of the
extrinsic muscles of his left eye found only the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles
were still functional. Further investigation found that the left superior orbital fissure was
compressing one of the cranial nerve associated with the eye.

Answer the following questions:

1. What is the Cranial Nerve Damaged?

2. Function of This Nerve

3. How does the cranial nerves damage relate to the patients symptoms?

List three common transport proteins found in vertebrate blood and the compounds they carry. Are there any compounds that do not require transport proteins in circulation? Why is this the case?

Describe the histological features of the mammary gland and compare the method of secretion of this gland to the sebaceous glands and sweat glands.

"How does core training support the other integrated training concepts in my fitness program?" List and explain two (2) core training exercise examples for each level of the OPT model.

Current controversy or issues in diabetes for an essay supporting one side of the issue, like a position essay.

Question: What is a good current issues or controversy in diabetes that is worth writing a position essay on? Four argument points to support the chosen stance

1. If an athlete injured the elbow medial collateral ligament, what muscles would be important to strengthen and why?

Explain the sub-divisions of the sensory division of the nervous system and the sub divisions of the motor division. Cite the names and target organs/functions