A company is trying to develop a diagnostic kit to identify an organism using antibodies raised against a small yet highly specific aromatic compound found only on the surface of that organism. Injecting the small compound in laboratory animals does not generate an immune response to it , so the company decides to mix it with Freund’s adjuvant (a powerful adjuvant) before administering to animals. Yet even with the use of such a powerful adjuvant, no antibody response to the compound is obtained.
For the diagnostic kit, the company decided to mix the compound with complete Freund’s adjuvant but still got no antibody response. What do you think the reason is? What would you do to improve antibody responses to begin with?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
What evidence can you find that the axial skeletons of higher vertebrates have homologous parts? What inferences would this lead scientists to conclude?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
So for a paper I need to determine strengths and weaknesses of research methods in different articles, but I don't exactly know what I should be listing as strengths and weaknesses when assessing the methods, results, and conclusions. I need help breaking down this methods paragraph to understand what to be looking for.
"In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at 30 clinical centers, we randomly assigned patients with the Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (age range, 2 to 55 years) who had had two or more drop seizures per week during a 28-day baseline period to receive cannabidiol oral solution at a dose of either 20 mg per kilogram of body weight (20-mg cannabidiol group) or 10 mg per kilogram (10-mg cannabidiol group) or matching placebo, administered in two equally divided doses daily for 14 weeks. The primary outcome was the percentage change from baseline in the frequency of drop seizures (average per 28 days) during the treatment period.
A total of 225 patients were enrolled; 76 patients were assigned to the 20-mg cannabidiol group, 73 to the 10-mg cannabidiol group, and 76 to the placebo group. During the 28-day baseline period, the median number of drop seizures was 85 in all trial groups combined. The median percent reduction from baseline in drop-seizure frequency during the treatment period was 41.9% in the 20-mg cannabidiol group, 37.2% in the 10-mg cannabidiol group, and 17.2% in the placebo group (P=0.005 for the 20-mg cannabidiol group vs. placebo group, and P=0.002 for the 10-mg cannabidiol group vs. placebo group). The most common adverse events among the patients in the cannabidiol groups were somnolence, decreased appetite, and diarrhea; these events occurred more frequently in the higher-dose group. Six patients in the 20-mg cannabidiol group and 1 patient in the 10-mg cannabidiol group discontinued the trial medication because of adverse events and were withdrawn from the trial. Fourteen patients who received cannabidiol (9%) had elevated liver aminotransferase concentrations.
Among children and adults with the Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, the addition of cannabidiol at a dose of 10 mg or 20 mg per kilogram per day to a conventional antiepileptic regimen resulted in greater reductions in the frequency of drop seizures than placebo. Adverse events with cannabidiol included elevated liver aminotransferase concentrations."
Sorry for how long winded this is but any help is greatly appreciated. Thanks.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
What environmental concerns in your area impact the ability of its inhabitants to breathe safely? What steps can be taken to improve lung health (including lung volume) in general? Please explain in 300 words with APA proof for reasons.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
HI please answer all parts of my question. Thank you so much! I
will rate you!
Why do we call cardiac muscle to be a syncytium of many individual muscle cells? What is the name of membranes that connect longitudinally adjacent muscle cells?
As you know the mechanism of organophosphates involves irreversible inhibitors of AChE. Organophosphates have been used in several murders (VX used to kill the half-brother of North Korean dictator Kim Jong Un; Sarin gas used to kill 12 people on the Tokyo subway by the Japanese cult Aum Shinrikyo in 1995).The death of a victim is associated with difficulty of breathing and irregular heart rate. Please discuss the physiological mechanisms of organophosphates action on the lungs and on the heart.
An overweight 75 year old male with a history of coronary artery disease and shortness of breath on exertion celebrates his granddaughter’s wedding. He goes for several fast dances with the bride, after which he collapses on the floor, turns blue, and dies within minutes. What is the reason for his death?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
4. This is a coding DNA : 5’ ATG AGT GAT CTA GAC AGA CTT GCA AGC CGG …3’
(a) Predict the complementary strand and identify the strand name of it. (3' --> 5’)
(b) Predict the mRNA sequence (5' --> 3’) for the given coding strand.
(c) Predict the amino acid sequence of the gene.
(d) Predict the amino sequence, if there is a base substitution from A to T at the 16th base.
(e) Which type of mutation and protein will result from the base substitution?
(f) Identify the location(s) likely to be cut by the restriction endonuclease XbaI, whose recognition site is 5’…T^CTAGA…3’, and predict the digested DNA sequence (double stranded).
In: Anatomy and Physiology
1.In the human heart, blood is pumped from the left ventricle into the
left atrium.
right atrium.
pulmonary circuit.
systemic circuit.
2.Systolic pressure is
Group of answer choices
the lowest blood pressure in the aorta.
the pressure measured when the left ventricle is relaxed.
the peak pressure in the aorta when the left ventricle contracts.
the difference between the highest and lowest pressures.
an average of high and low pressures.
3.The diastolic pressure for a normal young adult would be around
50 mm Hg.
75 mm Hg.
100 mm Hg.
120 mm Hg.
140 mm Hg.
4.Blood plasma consists of all of the following except..
proteins.
platelets.
water.
red blood cells.
All of these constitute plasma
5.In its travel through the human body, blood usually continues on from capillaries to enter
arterioles.
venules.
arteries.
veins.
other capillaries
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Which of the following are true of lymphatic vessels valves?
c. They are similar to the bicuspid valve.
d. They open to the interstitial fluid.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
PLEASE ANSWER ALL
1. Compare insulin and thyroid signaling Type of ligand
Type of receptor
Feedback regulation
Release of hormone Genes regulated Intracellular signaling
2) What are the consequences to the body under the following
circumstances
Low dietary Iodine
High fructose diet
Loss of beta cells in the pancreas
3) What would happen to the menstrual cycle if we blocked the LH receptor
In: Anatomy and Physiology
What type of G protein is used to make cAMP as a second messenger?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Use a diet analysis program to create a meal plan for Jada. You will need to create a profile for her. She is 20 years old, 5’8” tall, 140 lbs, engages in 30–60 minutes of moderate physical activity daily, and she would like to stay at her current weight.
In: Anatomy and Physiology