pick two of the nervous system pathologies to discuss from the list below.  

For each selected pathology, you should provide the following information: an explanation of the underlying functional or structural deficit present in the condition, predicted deficits based on your knowledge of the normal function and structure of the nervous system (these are educated guesses based on your understanding of nervous system function), and an explanation of at least three signs/symptoms that are seen with this condition (based on sources found during research you have conducted into the chosen conditions). Your discussion MUST include an explanation describing how the deficit produces the observable signs/symptoms AND a statement describing how your chosen conditions affect homeostasis within the body.

Choose two of the following nervous system pathologies to discuss:

Parkinson’s disease

Tay-Sachs disease

Multiple sclerosis

Polio

Hydrocephalus

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Bell’s palsy

State the important distinction between the terms 'serving size' and 'portion'. why do you think that portion sizes of many foods have generally gone up for many people? What might be at least one reason (that might even sound fairly logical) that foods with higher energy densities, and sometimes correspondingly lower nutrient densities, are eaten with greater frequency in many people's diets? .

. If the curve for sufficiency of intake of a given nutrient were narrower (tighter) and the distance between the UL and both the RDA and EAR thus less, how would this impact an individual's approach to attaining an adequate, but not excess, amount of such nutrient?

• Compare and contrast the structure, mechanical properties, and functions of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins in the cardiovascular system.

Imagine that you are part of a research team that specializes in diagnosing disorders associated with malfunctioning cellular organelles and structures.Medical doctors consult your group to help diagnose particularly difficult cases.  Read the patient history, physical examination and lab results to provide a cellular explanation for the case below. In the answer box type the tell the malfunctioning organelle (4 points) AND Rationale for Diagnosis (6 points) (explanation of how history, physical examination and laboratory results suggest diagnosis). Be sure to give all details as rationale counts majority of points.

Patient History:    

• 2-day old male, Low birth-weight (4pds. 5 ounces), Difficulty suckling/swallowing, Seizures, Gastrointestinal bleeding

Physical Examination

• Enlarged liver, Low muscle tone/inability to move, Glaucoma, Facial deformities, Impaired hearing
• Jaundiced skin

Laboratory Results

• High levels of hydrogen peroxide in cells
• High levels of fats and amino acids in cells

Patricia Jones, age 50 years, was diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) two years ago. IPF is a chronic, progressive lung disease with no cure. It results in fibrotic scarring and thickening of lungs tissue, impairing oxygen delivery. Despite her diagnosis, patricia continues to work full time at her job, taking the commuter train daily. However, over the past few weeks the demands of activities of daily living have become increasingly difficult. She complains of being tired, persistent dry cough, and extreme shortness of breath when climbing a flight of stairs. She had to take a medical leave from her job. The following information was obtained at her recent physical examination.

FEV₁ = volume of air expired in the first second of forced expiration; FVC, forced vital capacity

After these results were obtained at rest, Sue was asked to exercise on a stair climber. After only 2 minutes, she became extremely fatigued and had to discontinue the test. The arterial blood gas measurements were repeated, with the following results.

1. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a restrictive pulmonary disease. Define lung compliance and explain how lung fibrosis affects lung compliance. Use this information to explain Patricia's decreased total lung capacity, decreased functional residual capacity (FRC), and decreased residual volume at rest.

1. explain what the p waves, qrs complex, and t waves represent..
2. explain the significance of abnormal p waves, qrs complex, qt intervals, and st segment depressions.
3. why does blood pressure fluctuate in arteries between heart beats

Ibuprofen and coronavirus: Should you take ibuprofen now?

Please provide a view point on this topic and include the following in the response:

a.) what is composition of ibuprofen

b.) toxicity or side effects of ibuprofen

c.) why is ibuprofen used

d.) what is coronavirus

e.) why should ibuprofen be used or not

f.) what ibuprofen does to coronavirus infected patients.

Why is it important to learn about the relationship between the skeletal system and the joints.

List and describe one Muscle Abnormality. It could be a disease or condition. Or it could be something that happens with exercise. Be sure to describe what structures are affected within the muscle. List the symptoms of this abnormality, as well as one possible treatment option.

1.) The blood volume in left ventricle is the highest during end diastolic phase.

True or False

2.) Arterial blood pressure is regulated by autonomic nervous system and kidneys.

True or False

3.) During diastole, intraventricular pressure rises as ventricles contract.

True or False

4.) T-wave of the electrocardiogram reflects ventricular repolarization.

True or False

A) Postural abnormalities and associated muscular and skeletal conditions. B) advantages/disadvantages in therapeutic exercise. C) types of postural stresses

Burn Victim Case Study – BIO 168 Chief Complaint: 7-year-old girl admitted for severe second- and third-degree burns following her rescue from a burning house. History: Helen Hogan, a 7-year-old white female, was transported by ambulance to the emergency room after being rescued from her burning house. She was asleep at night when a spark from the family fireplace started a fire, leaving her trapped in her bedroom. By the time the fire rescue squad arrived, she had suffered severe burns and excessive smoke inhalation. In the emergency room, Helen was unconscious. She had second-degree burns over 5% of her body and third-degree burns over 15% of her body -- both covering her thoracic and abdominal regions and her right elbow. Her vital signs were quite unstable: blood pressure = 55 / 35; heart rate = 210 beats / min.; and respiratory rate = 40 breaths / min. She was quickly deteriorating from circulatory failure. Two IVs were inserted and fluids were administered through each. Her vital signs stabilized and she was transported to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU). Helen regained consciousness the following morning, surprisingly complaining of only minor pain over her trunk. Following debridement of her burns and application of a broad-spectrum, topical antibiotic, a plastic epidermal graft was applied over the burned areas. Despite treatment with a broad-spectrum antibiotic, she developed a systemic staphylococcal infection, necessitating a switch to a different antibiotic. Helen began a long, slow recovery. Her position in bed had to be changed every 2 hours to prevent the formation of decubitus ulcers (i.e. bedsores). She lost 9 pounds over the next 3 weeks, despite nasogastric tube feeding of 5000 calories ("Kcals") per day. After 9 weeks, sheets of cultured epidermal cells were grafted to her regenerating dermal layer. By the 15th week of her hospitalization, her epidermal graft was complete, and she was back on solid foods, her antibiotics were discontinued, and she was discharged from the hospital with a rehabilitation plan for both physical and occupational therapy at home, as well as twice-weekly visits by a nurse.

Questions: Research the following questions about Helen’s case fully using lecture notes, your textbook, and any other sources to help you. Answer in full, complete sentences using proper terminology.

1.Briefly describe the three major layers that make up healthy skin and the connective tissue that holds it on. What is found in each layer and what purpose does each layer serve?

2.Briefly describe the extent of damage seen in first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree burns. How are they different?

3.Why was Helen (the patient) relatively pain-free when she woke up? Would she have been pain-free if she had suffered first-degree burns rather than third-degree burns?

4.Explain why Helen’s blood pressure was so low and her heart rate so high upon arrival at the emergency room.

5.Why was it important to immediately administer intravenous fluids to Helen?

6.What is a “broad-spectrum” antibiotic, and why did Helen need one so quickly?

1. Elders with PEM will likely present with?
   1. Obesity, anemia, and elevated serum cholesterol
   2. Recent weight gain, reduced serum albumin (a biomarker of protein status), and fatigue
   3. Recent weight loss, anemia, and reduced serum albumin (a biomarker of protein status)
   4. Weight loss, osteoporosis, and recent broken bone
2. Treatment for coronary heart disease includes which of the following?
   1. Dietary management – The DASH diet
   2. Physical activity
   3. Medications
   4. a and c only
   5. All of these
3. Which of the following statements is true?
   1. Elders with a BMI over 30 kg/m² are obese and need to reduce their BMI to less than 25 kg/m²
   2. Serum cholesterol levels < 200 mg/dL is an increased risk for protein-energy-malnutrition
   3. Low serum albumin levels and weight loss are predictive of hospital readmission and LOS (length of hospital stay)
   4. Serum albumin is the best indicator of malnutrition due to its short half-life
4. Which physiological change that occurs with aging does not influence nutrient metabolism?
   1. Decreased lean body mass
   2. Increased proportion of body fat
   3. Decreased body water
   4. Decreased height
5. The majority of older adults do not use dietary supplements.
   1. True
   2. False