Discuss the contribution of Frederic Taylor, Frank & Lillian Gilbreth, Henri Fayol, and Elton Mayo to management revaluations. Please explain the applications of their managerial approaches

Q6: Discuss structured problems, programmed decisions, unstructured problems, and nonprogrammed decisions- Give examples. (200-250 words)

2. A Multi-Item (Summated Scale) Consist of a number of closely related items (questions or statements) whose responses are combined into a composite score to measure a construct. Explain the benefits of measuring a construct with a multi-item scale as opposed to a single item scale in the context of an interview or questionnaire

3. Explain what is wrong with the following interview question and propose a solution to the problem you identify (i.e., re-write the question). (4 points)

a. Considering the high rate of childhood obesity and the fact that many Canadians eat fast food, don’t you think that fast food advertising in Canada should be banned?

b. Given the increased incidence of morbidity and mortality associated with gun ownership would you support increasing regulation of gun ownership and increased security in gun storage?

4. We are developing an online test to give to job applicants to measure their suitability for a sales position and one of key attributes for a good salesperson is ‘proactiveness’. To measure this, we have decided to use 24 different questions. Explain how you would use split-half reliability to ensure the questions were a reliable measure?

5. We are developing an online to give to job applications to measure their suitability for a sales position and one of the key attributes for a good salesperson is emotional intelligence. We plan to use Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue) to measure emotional intelligence. Explain how and why you would use convergent validity to validity the TEIQue before using it?

6. An IT company operating in Atlantic Canada with 4 locations (Charlottetown, Halifax, Moncton, St. Johns) has seen its profits drop in recent years due to decreasing sales numbers. The company’s CEO believes that this is due to employees’ poor sales skills and has hired you to help address this problem. You perform design an experiment where half the sales staff at each location receive three weeks of sales training in the straight-line selling system. After training is completed, you track sales in both stores over a period of six months to assess the impact of sales skills training on store performance. Answer the following:

a. State an appropriate null hypothesis. (1 mark)

b. State an appropriate alternative hypothesis. (1 mark)

c. Describe a Type I error in the context of this study. (1 mark)

d. Describe a Type II error in the context of this study. (1 mark)

e. What is an important step that should have been completed before the experiment was designed? (1 mark)

f. Identify the dependent, independent and mediator variables

7. Comment on the descriptive statistics (i.e., means, standard deviations) and internal consistency reliabilities in the table below adapted from Erdogan and Bauer (2009) and summarize the correlation results, taking into account the strength, direction, and statistical significance of the bivariate relationships. (6 points)

4. What are the major benefits of sustainable purchasing/sourcing for the company?

3. Consider a project having the following activities, time, and cost:

                                                  Normal       Normal       Crash         Crash      Maximum

                        Immediate          Time         Cost         Time          Cost         Time

      Activity      Predecessors      (weeks)          ($)          (weeks)          ($)       Reduced

            a               none                  4            3,000             2            5,000            2

            b               a                        5            5,000             3            8,000            2

            c               a                        4            7,000             4            7,000            0

            d               b                        4            6,000             2            8,000            2

            e               c,d                     8            4,000             6            8,000            2

            f               c                        3            4,000             2            9,000            1

            g               e,f                      4            2,000             2            7,000            2

Assume partial crashing (not all maximum crashing time has to be used) is available.

1. Draw the network diagram. How long does project take using normal time?
2. Which activities should be crashed to reduce the completion time of the project by two weeks? How much is the additional cost? Show all work.

You have just been hired as the Labour Relations Coordinator at a public sector organization. Today, your manager has just informed you that the next round of collective bargaining with the union begins on September 1st, 2020. She has asked you to put together a comprehensive planning document for the CB process. She wants to see all work tasks, work tasks assigned to people (positions), resources needed to complete tasks and timelines. She suggests that you prepare this planning document in a chart/table/schematic format.

Please read and react to the current event article in the "Workers in Industry". Your response should be at least 6 sentences.

**Explain how you could practically deal with the requirements.**

OSHA publishes guide to restroom access for transgender workers

WASHINGTON – The Occupational Safety and Health Administration today published a Guide to Restroom Access for Transgender Workers. The publication provides guidance to employers on best practices regarding restroom access for transgender workers. The guide was developed at the request of the National Center for Transgender Equality, an OSHA Alliance partner that works collaboratively with the agency to develop products and materials to protect the safety and health of transgender workers.

OSHA's Sanitation standard requires that all employers under its jurisdiction provide employees with sanitary and available toilet facilities, so that employees will not suffer the adverse health effects that can result if toilets are not available when employees need them.

"The core principle is that all employees, including transgender employees, should have access to restrooms that correspond to their gender identity," said Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health Dr. David Michaels. "OSHA's goal is to assure that employers provide a safe and healthful working environment for all employees."

Many companies have implemented written policies to ensure that all employees–including transgender employees–have prompt access to appropriate sanitary facilities. The core belief underlying these policies is that all employees should be permitted to use the facilities that correspond with their gender identify. For example, a person who identifies as a man should be permitted to use men's restrooms, and a person who identifies as a woman should be permitted to use women's restrooms.

The publication includes a description of best practices and also makes employers aware of federal, state and local laws that reaffirm the core principle of providing employees with access to restroom facilities based on gender identification.

Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, employers are responsible for providing safe and healthful workplaces for their employees. OSHA's role is to ensure these conditions for America's working men and women by setting and enforcing standards, and providing training, education and assistance.

1. Define each of the four business strategies (Differentiation, Low-cost, Speed, and Market focus).

2. Identify skills and resources required by each business strategies.

3. Discuss the benefits and risks of adopting each of the business strategies.

•What is a freight recession?

•How is a freight recession different from an economic recession?

•What causes freight recessions?

•Last freight recessions?

•How freight recessions end?

Please answer with paragraph

In the planning of the monthly production for the next four months, in each month a company must operate either a normal shift or an extended shift (but not both) if it produces. It may choose not to produce in a month. A normal shift costs $100,000 per month and can produce up to 5,000 units per month. An extended shift costs $140,000 per month and can produce up to 7,500 units per month.

The cost of holding inventory is estimated to be $2 per unit per month (based on the average inventory held during each month) and the initial inventory is 3,000 units (i.e., inventory at the beginning of Month 1). The inventory at the end of month 4 should be at least 2,000 units. The demand for the company's product in each of the next four months is estimated to be as shown below:

Production constraints are such that if the company produces anything in a particular month it must produce at least 2,000 units. The company wants a production plan for the next four months to meet its demands. Formulate an integer programming model to solve the problem at minimum cost.

Compare and contrast the following methods of job evaluation: ranking, classification, factor comparison, and point method. Please cite your sources in APA format and respond to three of your classmates’ postings.

The Environmental Protection Department (EDP) of Hong Kong Government would like to promote consumer conservation behaviors in the local catering industry. You are asked to conduct a marketing research to inform the EDP on the possible strategies it can adopt to reduce the use of plastic straws among consumers.

a) Suggest TWO appropriate types of research design that the EDP may employ. Justify your answers.

b) You are asked to design a questionnaire for assessing consumers’ willingness to reduce the use of plastic straws. Please propose THREE possible independent variables that may predict the dependent variable (i.e., willingness to reduce the use of plastic straws). For EACH independent variable, explain why you think it can influence the dependent variable, and write a measurement scale to measure it.

c) Propose THREE solutions to increase the generalizability of the findings of your proposed research. Explain each solution in detail.

d) Illustrate with THREE examples how an ethical researcher could exercise good practices in collecting data from respondents.

Discuss the future challenges and opportunities in logistics management.

Please read the case and answer the questions at the end. Please respond to two of your peers. Do you agree or disagree?

Jones Feed and Seed is a large regional warehouse that supplies agricultural products to retail stores. These products include pesticides that are used to treat animals and herbicides that are used to improve crops. For its warehouse operations, the company generally hires employees who have just finished high school. These employees work under the supervision of a more senior laborer, who is usually someone with about one year of experience working in the warehouse. The supervisor is in charge of interviewing job candidates and normally makes final hiring decisions.

Job Description

• Receive and count stock items and record data manually or using a computer.
• Pack and unpack items to be stocked on shelves in stockrooms, warehouses, or storage yards.
• Verify inventory computations by comparing them to physical counts of stock and investigate discrepancies or adjust errors.
• Store items in an orderly and accessible manner in warehouses, tool rooms, supply rooms, or other areas.
• Mark stock items using identification tags, stamps, electric marking tools, or other labeling equipment.
• Clean and maintain supplies, tools, equipment, and storage areas in order to ensure compliance with safety regulations.
• Determine proper storage methods, identification, and stock location based on turnover, environmental factors, and physical capabilities of facilities.
• Keep records on the use and/or damage of stock or stock handling equipment.
• Move controls to drive gasoline or electric-powered trucks, cars, or tractors and transport materials between loading, processing, and storage areas.
• Move levers and controls that operate lifting devices, such as forklifts, lift beams and swivel-hooks, hoists, and elevating platforms, in order to load, unload, transport, and stack material.
• Position lifting devices under, over, or around loaded pallets, skids, and boxes, and secure material or products for transport to designated areas.
• Manually load or unload materials onto or off pallets, skids, platforms, cars, or lifting devices.
• Load, unload, and identify building materials, machinery, and tools and distribute them to the appropriate locations, according to project plans and specifications.

Questions:

1. What training would you provide to the supervisors who conduct job interviews?
2. What are some primary safety concerns that the company should have about the warehouse operation?
3. What OSHA guidelines do the company need to follow and communicate to employees?
4. What kind of disabilities do you think could be reasonably accommodated for this job position?

Source: Information for job description from http://online.onetcenter.org/ (Links to an external site.).

ease read the case and answer the questions at the end. Please respond to two of your peers. Do you agree or disagree?

Josh's Toy Manufacturing is a manufacturer of small toys that are included in kids' meals at fast-food restaurants. Josh's uses plastic injection technology to produce toys efficiently. Price is the main criterion restaurant chains use to determine whether they will buy toys from Josh's or some other manufacturer.

One assembly line for toy manufacturing at Josh's has four machines. Each machine requires an operator. Operator skill is important since an effective operator can often manufacture toys twice as fast as an ineffective operator. The four operators on the assembly line at Josh's were hired a year ago when the new line began operation. Machine 1 is very loud, making its operation the least desirable job. Machines 2 and 3 are very similar and require operators to constantly push a variety of levers. Working on Machine 4 is the easiest job, as the operator does little more than monitor progress and push buttons. The four operators currently rotate every hour so that each operator spends two hours on each machine during an eight-hour workday.

Supervisors have noted that production output varies depending on which operator is working on which machine. The chart shows this variance.

Analysis suggests that lower production during Hour 2 mostly results from Fred's having trouble working with Machine 1. The noise bothers him more than the others, and he often takes short breaks to walk away from the machine and regain his composure. The relative high productivity during Hour 3 can be traced to having Bonnie work on Machine 4. Bonnie finds it especially difficult to work on Machines 2 and 3.

Given their current production process, the four operators produce an average of 2,610 units each day. If they worked all day in the Hour 3 configuration they could average 3,200 units each day, which would be a production increase of over 22 percent.

Questions:

1. Do you recommend that the four machine operators continue to switch machines every hour? Would you recommend that the operators be permanently assigned to the machines they currently operate during Hour 3? What do you think would be the consequences of any changes you might recommend?
2. How can the principles of the mechanistic approach to job design inform a decision about how to assign workers to machines? What about the principles of the motivational approach? the perceptual approach? the biological approach?
3. How could job analysis be used to improve this assembly line?