The H+/ATP ratio is variable between ATP synthase isolated from different organisms. Explain the difference and...

The H+/ATP ratio is variable between ATP synthase isolated from different organisms. Explain the difference and provide a possible explanation for why the reaction stoichiometry is not conserved across species.

Expert Solution

The H+/ATP ratio is variable between ATP synthase isolated from different organism. For example in case of yeast mitochandria it is 2.9 and spinch chloroplast it is 3.9. This ratio is kept different during the course of evolution by the structural difference in ATP synthase complex. There is cental shaft that connects the tripartite catalytic head and a membrane embeded c-oligomer. It is assumed that this ratio should correlate with the ratio of no. of proton-binding c-oligomer. Many experiments of structural data demonstrated that the composition of c-oligomer varies in different organism. It has also been found that beta subunit is same in all fo-f1 particles, however, c- subunit varies between 8 to 25 giving a H+/ATP ratio of beteen 2.7 to 5.0

This stoichiometry has not been kept conserved during the course of evolution due to fact that different energy (ATP) requirement across different species. The species with a high energy requirement less no of H+ are required to generate ATP molecules through ATP synthase complex giving low H+/ATP ration and vice versa

gladiator answered 1 year ago

a. Explain how the ATP synthase uses the H+ gradient to generate ATP. b. How do...

a. Explain how the ATP synthase uses the H+ gradient to generate ATP. b. How do the mitochondria establish a higher concentration of H+ on one side of the membrane? c. Where does the H+ come from?

h) What is the difference between fixed costs and variable costs? What is the difference between...

h) What is the difference between fixed costs and variable costs? What is the difference between accounting costs and economic costs? What is the differ - ence between private costs and external costs? Name all the categories that comprise economic costs. i) How do we determine the profit-maximizing level of production using analy - sis of total costs and total revenues? What is the rule for profit maximization using marginal analysis? What happens to economic profits in a perfectly competitive...

Explain how the electron transport chain is coupled to the production of ATP via ATP Synthase.

1. Diagram the mechanism of the ATP synthase, place it in the mitochondrion. 2. Explain the...

1. Diagram the mechanism of the ATP synthase, place it in the mitochondrion. 2. Explain the chemiosomotic hypothesis; how it functions with its cellular location and the nature of the PMF

Explain in detail and with drawings, the actual mechanism of ATP synthase (the protein responsible for...

Explain in detail and with drawings, the actual mechanism of ATP synthase (the protein responsible for making ATP) and the use of proton pumps during oxidative phosphorylation and how that leads to the synthesis of ATP. ****See picture below

Explain how ATP synthase generates ATP, including the role of membranes, concentration gradients, channel proteins and...

Explain how ATP synthase generates ATP, including the role of membranes, concentration gradients, channel proteins and energy conversions.

A: explain the difference between fixed and variable cost. B: explain the difference between explicit and...

A: explain the difference between fixed and variable cost. B: explain the difference between explicit and implicit cost. C: in the long run in perfect competition economist say that profit =0 but would any firm be involved in that market in the first place?

What is the difference between current ratio and quick ratio. Explain with example ?

fill in sentences from the following list below ADP AGAINST ATP ATP SYNTHASE DOWN ELECTRON TRANSPORT...

fill in sentences from the following list below ADP AGAINST ATP ATP SYNTHASE DOWN ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN ELECTRONS ER INNER NADH NADPH OUTER PHOTOSYSTEMS PROTONS RUBISCO THYLAKOID The light reactions of photosynthesis use light energy to manufacture two types of energy-rich molecules: _______ and the electron carrier ________. Photons are captured by protein complexes with embedded chlorophyll molecules and other pigments. These complexes are known as ___________. One of them absorbs light most efficiently at 680 nm, the other absorbs best at...

Explain the difference between fixed and variable costs

Question