Question

1. For any one particular type of ligand: Provide your best thinking about why the the response is stronger when the concentration of ligand is higher.

2.A pair of structurally similar but different ligands, are presented separately but at the same concentration to separate samples of cells from a highly uniform cell population. The overall cellular response to ligand B is stronger than the response elicited by ligand A. Provide your best thinking about two most likely mechanisms underlying this differing response.

3. explain how transmembrane cell surface receptor protein gets synthesized and ends up at the cell surface. keep your emphasis on cellular endomembrane system

Answer 1

1. As the concentration of ligand increases, chances of binding of those ligand with its appropriate receptors increases. As the receptor-ligand binding increases the response becomes stronger.

2. Though the ligands are structurally similar, they are not the same ligands and not their concentration is same. And their binding affinity also might be differing from each other.

Ligand B binding is stronger due to its higher concentration and high ligand binding affinity than ligand A.

3. Cell-surface receptors are membrane-anchored proteins that bind to ligands on the outside surface of the cell.
After being synthesized from mRNA on the rough endoplasmic reticulum, it is transported to the cis face of the Golgi apparatus and it get modified in the Golgi complex and at the trans face it is released out and through endoplasmic reticulum produced transmembrane vesicles to the surface of the membrane.