Question

explain why cellular signaling is crucial in biology. You will make sure to mention what are the two basic signaling switches and what is the general flow of signaling in a cell

Answer 1

Cell signalling is needed by multicellular organisms to cordinate a variety of function. Nerve cells must communicate with muscle cells to create movement ,immune cells must avoid destroying cells of the body, and cells must organise during the development of a baby.Cell signaling is the part of the communication process that governs basic activities of cells and helps in coordinating various cell actions.

Signalling techniques is divided into two types which is known as in channel signaling and common channel signalling.

There are even 4 basic types of chemical signalling known as paracrine signalling, autocrine signalling, endocrine signalling and signalling by direct contact.

General flow of cell signaling can be divided into 3 stages-

a. Reception- A cell detects a signaling molecule from the outside of the cell. A signal is detected when the chemical signal binds to a receptor protein on the surface of the cell or inside the cell.

b.Transduction- When signalling molecule binds to the receptors it changes the receptor protein in some way. This change starts the process of transduction. Signal transduction is usually a pathway of several steps . Each relay molecule in the signal transduction pathway changes the next molecule in the pathway.

c. Response-finally the signal triggers a specific cellular response.

Digram to represent cell signaling pathway -

Extracellular thuid. Cytoplarm RECEPTION TRANSDUCTION Receptor - -0-0 0 Segnal transduction ll pathway. [RESPONSE ) Activation of cellular response. Signal molecule Plarna membrane

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