What are restriction enzymes, and why are they used in recombinant DNA technology?

Which insect mechanisms do you find most fascinating for either parasitizing or eating other organisms? Why? Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words

Interesting informaion about any of the non-homo hominins.  

13) Oncogenes are _____________

14) Mass extinction can result in adaptive radiations of new species through evolution (T / F)

16) A positively charged atom or molecule is called an anion (T / F)

17) The Light-Dependent step in photosynthesis is also known as the Calvin Cycle (T / F)

19) _________ leads to a +/0 interaction between 2 species

20) Introns are portions of the DNA that codes for a particular protein (T / F)

21) The biotechnology that involves the mixing of genes of different species is called ________ biotechnology

22) If the frequency of 2 alleles in a population is p = 0.8 and q = 0.2, what is the likely genotype frequencies? (Assume H-W equilibrium)

23) Chromosomal mutations that are the result of the molecule moving from one chromosome to another are called ________

24) Modern humans migrated out of Africa about 55000~85000 years ago (T / F)

1. Provide an example of a person with a particular blood type that should NOT donate to another person with a particular blood type. Make sure to include the immunology.

2. OUTLINE the reasons why treating a cancer patient with chemotherapy might make them more susceptible to infections.

1. Give an example of a microorganism showing Pathogenicity and an example of a microorganism showing high Virulence.

2. Some people may already be immune to a certain pathogen such that when they are exposed to that particular pathogen they don’t get sick. How does this observation affect Koch’s postulates? How might the postulates be modified to account for the existence people who already have immunity?

1. CONTRAST the following pairs of terms:

a) Sterilize and Disinfect

b) Sanitization and Antisepsis

c) Bactericide and Bacteriostatic

2. Briefly describe any THREE CATEGORIES (three modes of action) of antibacterial drugs. Make sure to tell how they work and how bacteria have become resistant to them.

Please correct if they are wrong

1. Define each of the following and tell why it is important in epidemiology:

Mortality Rate

Morbidity Rate

Notifiable infectious disease

2. Outline the concept of HERD IMMUNITY and explain how it played a role in the Spanish Flu Pandemic of 1918.

You begin working in a research lab on campus. In the lab's freezer you find a tube of preserved bacterial cells. You want to grow the cells, but you do not know what their nutritional requirements are. What type of growth medium would be best? Could someone please explain to me why this is the correct answer? I am still unsure on whether I fully understand complex and define (minimal) media as well.

Incorrect Minimal medium supplemented with only essential growth factors
Incorrect Complex medium supplemented with inorganic nitrogen
Correct: Complex medium supplemented with a variety of growth factors
Incorrect Minimal medium supplemented with minerals, a carbon, nitrogen, and energy source
Incorrect Minimal medium supplemented with a variety of growth factors

Student must clearly show how nutrients are breaking down (like equations) just as seen the respective figures with appropriate enzymes. Student must identify what is the end product of each nutrient when digested. All these equations must be highlighted on your work sheet. This is the crux of this assignment.

Failure to follow these instructions will lead to significant loss of points

Assume that you are employed as a developmental biologist at NASA and the first returning mars explorer was found to have a small organism from mars onboard. The organism had the usual head-tail axis as well as dorsal-ventral polarity and what appeared to have right-left asymmetry. However upon analysis it was found to be composed of silicon based compounds and had no DNA, RNA or proteins at all. Discuss reasons why this organism would have similar developmental controls to those of earth’s carbon-based life and also discuss the opposing view as to why it would not

Describe two ways DNA is different than RNA. Name two roles that hydrogen bonds play in DNA? What is the difference between 10 nm fiber, 30 nm fiber and the DNA loops? Describe histones. What are they made of (ie the types of subunits). How do they interact with DNA?

The discussion for this week will focus on the importance of the two main topics of this chapter (photosynthesis and cellular respiration) to each other. There is a unique balance between these two energy cycles, and your postings should address something specific that addresses this idea. For instance, you can focus on one of the following: the history of these processes (which one we think started first and how that eventually led to the other one), different types of interactions, how other things affect them (poisons, temperatures, global climate, etc.), where the organisms are that perform these processes, which organisms have them, the different parts of each one of these and how they are related or how they came about, or the fact that there are cycles involved and what that may indicate. I need an outside source with this with in paragraph citation as well as a reference citing at the end..