1. How are cells treated after the primary stain is applied in acid-fast staining?

2. What counter stain is used in acid-fast staining?
3. What genus of bacteria have acid fast cell walls?
4. What diseases are caused by some acid fact bacterial species?
5. What would happen if heat is not used in acid-fast staining?
6. What stains endospores?
7. What is used to decolorize endospore stains?
8. What counterstain is used in endospore staining?
9. What would happen if heat is not used during the endospore stain?

can an you please write Structure to function of heart

Question: Some bacteria have Lipopolysacchride (LPS) in their envelopes. In the case of sepsis, microbial death and lysis results in release of massive amounts of endotoxin into the circulation resulting in toxic shock syndrome. Do some research and answer the following questions:

1. Where specifically is LPS found in the bacteria?

2. Do all types of bacteria have LPS in their envelopes?

3. What is the chemical makeup of the LPS?

4. Look up Toxic Shock Syndrome. What is its effect on your physiology?

5. Which portion of the LPS causes toxic shock syndrome? What is endotoxin?

In an experiment, the hybridization method could identify quail in one of the pâté, but the PCR method could not differentiate between different pâté samples. Why? (limit 100 words)

Compare and Contrast the 3 big causes of mortality (infectious disease, food security and environmental issues) in Mexico and the U.S.. How and why are these countries so different in terms of these topics.

Thanks.

What is the first step normally taken when you look through the ocular lenses?

What does it mean that the image is inverted when you look through the ocular lenses?

What is the difference between the coarse adjustment knob and the fine adjustment knob? When is it appropriate to use them?

What new details are you able to see on the slide when the magnification is increased to 10x that you could not see at 4x? What about 40x?

The table below contains a list of species and their abundances for two grassland communities around Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Use the below data to answer the following question.

Using the Shannon diversity index, what is p_i for Sporobolus ioclados?

Propose a new 'enzyme exercise' which could be adapted to online learning (i.e, perhaps an experiment that can be conducted in the kitchen). The experiment teaches the main concepts about enzymes and you describe an experiment with independent and dependent variables and controls. Feel free to submit something you found online and suggest modifications. Make sure to reference your sources. You may use your lab manual as a reference.

Under what conditions are generalization favored overspecialization and vice versa. Explain why those conditions lead to specialization or generalization. For each of the animals below, tell me the ways they are likely to avoid predation of themselves or their offspring. There can be multiple answers per species.

• Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga angustirostris)

• Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica)

• Blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena spp.)

• Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Five-lined skink (Plestiodon faciatus)

Acetyl CoA carboxylase activity is regulated by hormone-controlled phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.

a)  Describe the effects of epinephrine on acetyl CoA carboxylase activity and fatty acid metabolism in the liver.

b)  Is this consistent with epinephrine’s effect on liver glycogen metabolism?                  

Without this molecule, cellular respiration does not happen, because it is the final electron acceptor. What is it?

Describe the fluid mosaic model for membranes.

5. Consider the following tetrahybrid self-cross:

Aa Bb Cc Dd    X    Aa Bb Cc Dd

Calculate the probability for each of the following offspring. Show your work.

1. Genotype Aa BB CC Dd

2. Heterozygous for ALL FOUR genes

3. Heterozygous for ANY gene

4. Dominant phenotype for ALL FOUR traits

5. GIVEN that an individual offspring has the dominant phenotype for all four traits, what is the probability that individual is heterozygous for all four genes?

6. GIVEN that an individual offspring has the recessive phenotype for all four traits, what is the probability that individual is homozygous for all four genes?