There are two ways to study receptor responsiveness in cultured cell lines: use a cell line that naturally expresses the receptor of interest; and transfect a cell line with a gene for the receptor you are interested in in order to ensure large numbers of this receptor. Taking into consideration what you know about G protein-coupled receptors and about measurement in pharmacology, briefly discuss what the possible advantage(s) and disadvantage(s) might be of each of these approaches.

fill the table.

Addison's disease develops when the adrenal cortex doesn't secrete enough mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. President John F. Kennedy was diagnosed with the disease when he was a young man. Before he started treatment with hormone replacement therapy, he was hypoglycemic and lost weight. Which missing hormone was responsible for his weight loss? How might Addison's disease have affected his blood pressure?

9. Which of the following
statements is true of a
tendon?
a. joins two bones over a
ball-and-socket joint
b. connects muscles to
bones
c. can be either fast-twitch
or slow-twitch type
d. is found between fibrous
and cartilaginous joints
10. Which muscle is an
example of an involuntary
muscle?
a. tongue
b. thigh
c. heart
d. bicep
11. The integumentary system
includes hair, fingernails,
and
a. skin.
b. tendons.
c. myosin.
d. marrow.

12. Which statement best
describes the subcutaneous
fat layer of your skin?
a. made up of mostly dead
cells, flaking away
b. is the outermost layer;
contains many pores
c. cushions large blood
vessels and neurons
d. contains cells that make
elastin and collagen
13. Which of the following
items is a pigment that
absorbs harmful ultraviolet
sunlight?
a. collagen
b. myosin
c. melanin
d. keratin
14. Sweat glands found in the
skin help maintain
homeostasis by
a. controlling body
temperature.
b. producing protective
proteins.
c. secreting antibacterial
fluids.
d. waterproofing the outer
skin.
15. Which set of characteristics
best describes the dermis?
a. contains glands that
produce oils or sweat
b. produces protective
melanin and keratin
c. insulates the muscles and
internal organs
d. consists of layered,
tough, waterproof protein

What is the name of the tissue lining the organs in the peritoneal cavity?

1. We know that an F+ cell can donate its F plasmid to a recipient cell to create a new F+ cell.

But what about an Hfr? Can an Hfr transfer its DNA as well? (yes/no) Please explain your answer. Why did you answer yes or no?

2. Let’s just assume,, that an Hfr cell could transfer DNA. What would the recipient cell look like? What would it be called? F+? F-? Hfr+? Something else altogether? Please explain your answer.

A group of scientists wants to determine if fin length variation is genetically or environmentally controlled. They think the presence of predator pressure may be an environmental determinant of fin length. The scientists take eggs from short-tailed parents and raise them in both low and high predator pressure environments. They also take eggs from long-tailed parents raise them in both low and high predator pressure environments. The scientists then evaluate the tail length of the fish hatched from the eggs at adulthood. Select the correct dependent variable for this experiment.

A.Level of predation pressure.

B.Tail length at adulthood.

C.Tail length of the parents of the eggs.

D.The eggs.

5. You have a dialysis bag containing 15-mL protein solution in 0.20 M NaCl. a. Would it be more efficient to dialyse this solution against i)one 2 L volume of buffer until equilibrium is reached, or to ii)dialyze the solution against one L buffer until equilibrium is reached, the remove the bag and dialyze against another one L of buffer til equilibrium is reached. Assume there is no volume change in the dialysis bag with dialysis. (1 pt) {type answer here } b. What is the concentration of NaCl left in the dialysis bag after condition i? What is the concentration of NaCl left in the dialysis bag after condition ii? (2 pts)

How is transcription initiated and terminated? What is the importance of the promoter consensus sequence? How and why do consensus sequences differ from one another?

How may pollination occur in the angiosperms? Are there any significant advantages or disadvantages to this pollination strategy?

1. What is DNA polymerase? Explain the roles of its various components in DNA replication.

2. What is RNA polymerase? Explain its role in transcription. How is RNA polymerase similar to and different from DNA polymerase?

Discuss how adaptations allowed plants to move from an aquatic environment to the variety of habitats they inhabit today. You may wish to start out discussing single celled algae and include the transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. At the beginning or end of the essay, it may be helpful to write about plants that you have observed (using correct scientific nomenclature), and consider their traits and habitat. Then explain why those traits are adaptive, and how they arose. Don't forget the role of natural selection in adaptation.