Question

Vitamin/ Mineral	Role	Deficiency	Toxicity	Food Sources
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Folate
Vitamin B12
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Iron

fill the table.

Answer 1

Ans.

Vitamin/Mineral	Role	Deficiency	Toxicity	Food Sources
Vitamin A	Retinal is the active form of Vit A, which combines with protein opsin and form rhodopsin which is necessary for vision. Vit A helps in cell growth and immune function too.	It's deficiency can cause blindness and increases risk of measles and diarrhea. Other symptoms also include acne, hyperketosis and anemia.	It leads to hypervitaminosis A which includes vision disturbance, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, joint pain, etc.	Egg yolk, Butter, Salmon, Kale, Spinach, Cabbage, Red peppers
Vitamin C	Helps in production of collagen, wound healing, removes free radicals from body, tthat is, it acts as an anti oxidant	It leads to gingivitis, dry scaly skin, anemia. Severe deficiency leads to Scurvy.	It's toxicity leads to diarrhea, gastrointestinal problems and kidney stones.	Lemon, orange, grapes, blueberry, blackberry, cranberry, broccoli, green peppers, all citrus fruits.
Vitamin D	Helps in absorption of calcium, prevents tooth decay, strong muscles, cellular growth, etc.	Rickets, Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis	Excessive exposure to sun cause skin damage, it's toxicity leads to hypercalcemia, constipation, kidney problems.	Exposure to sunlight, mushrooms, nuts, cod liver oil, egg yolk, almond milk
Folate	Helps in RBC production, cell growth and division	Folate deficiency anaemia, diarrhea, glossitis, poor growth, grey hair,mouth sores	Mental problems, skin reactions, nausea, gastrointestinal defects.	Spinach, broccoli, asparagus, peas, lentils, soy seeds, orange, avocado, papaya, peanuts, salmon, egg yolk
Vitamin B12	Synthesis of neurotransmitters, proper development of brain and nerves, formation of RBC, production of DNA.	Causes anemia, neurodenegrative diseases, rapid heatbeat, breathing rate, weight loss, diarrhea, IBS.	Dizziness, headache, anxiety, nausea	Yoghurt, milk, cheese, eggs, fish, chicken, meat
Sodium	Helps regulate acid-base equilibrium and osmotic pressure of body fluids, plays a role in normal muscle irritability and contractility, influences cell permeability	Nausea, cramps, vomiting, dizziness, apathy, exhaustion, possible respiratory failure	High blood pressure, stroke, heart failure, osteoporosis, stomach cancer, kidney disease, kidney stones, enlarged heart muscle and headaches	Sodium chloride (table salt), abundant in most foods except fruit
Potassium	Helps regulate acid-base equilibrium and osmotic pressure of body fluids, influences muscle activity, especially cardiac muscle	Muscle weakness, decreased intestinal tone and distension, cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory failure	Neuromuscular dysfunction, weakness, paralysis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea	Breast milk, fruits especially orange juice, bananas, and dried fruits, yogurt, potatoes, meat, fish, poultry, soy products, vegetables
Calcium	Builds and maintains bones and teeth, essential in clotting of blood, influences transmission of ions across cell membranes, required in nerve transmission	Rickets	Excessive calcification of bone, calcification of soft tissue, hypercalcemia, vomiting, lethargy	Breast milk, yogurt, cheese, kale, mustard greens, turnip greens, salmon
Iron	Essential for the formation of hemoglobin and oxygen transport, increases resistance to infection, functions as part of enzymes involved in tissue respiration	Hypochromic microcytic anemia, malabsorption, irritability, anorexia, pallor, lethargy	Hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis	Breast milk, meat, liver, legumes, whole grain breads, cereals, dark green vegetables