Which statement is INCORRECT regarding voltage-gated potassium channels?

- The gating of the channel involves movements of transmembrane helices.
- The K+ is transported down its concentration gradient.

- A cytoplasmic inactivation peptide blocks the channel in response to voltage changes.

- K+ coordinates to C=0 groups in the channel.

- All of the above.

Learning Task 18-02: Genetic Disorders

1. Research and write a brief description of each genetic disorder. 1- Huntington Disease 2- Tay-Sachs Disease 3-Marfan Syndrome 4- Cystic Fibrosis 5-Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
2. For each disease, state the chances that a child would be born with the disease:
   • if one parent carries the gene; and
   • if both parents carry the gene.

3. Explain how you arrived at your answers. Use Punnett squares to help justify your response for each disease.

Mismatch Repair:

Base Excision Repair:

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Direct Repair

Your landscape design scenario is a new landscape that utilizes plant species with very low evapotranspiration value. The microclimate is high with an unprotected environment in a windy area. The plant density is moderate since it is a new landscape. What is the Landscape Coefficient for this landscape using the numbers provided in the table below

HIGH MODERATE LOW VERY LOW

SPECIES FACTOR .8 .5 .2 .1

DENSITY 1.2 1.0 .7

MICROCLIMATE 1.3 1.0 .6

1. We discussed phage in the context of sausage fermentation; it is also a serious concern in many modern, high-throughput cheese fermentations. However, phage problems never occur during traditional sauerkraut or kefir fermentations. Why would this be the case?

2. Is phage likely to be a problem in beer fermentations? Why or why not?

Discuss the signal transduction pathway involved in de-etiolation or another process that occurs within plants that involves a signal transduction pathway. Include the following: the signal, the receptor, the response, amplification, the role of calcium, and the response.

Death from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis usually results from respiratory infection secondary to compromised respiratory function.

II. Name three each of unencapsulated and encapsulated sensory receptors and tell what they are used for.

III. What would be the advantage of having a nerve come from a spinal nerve plexus? Explain, using an example of such a nerve and a potential damage to it.

If you have TAG molecule in adipose cells, how can fatty acids get into mitochondrial matrix? (starting with TAG in adipose cells and ending with fatty acyl-CoA in matrix; draw the flow and explain details).

Why could GMOs have a different impact on the environment from genetically engineered bacteria used to make pharmaceuticals?

Is determining the modality (competitive, uncompetitive, noncompetitive) of an inhibitory compound important? If so, why? Under what conditions ([S] vs. KM) is a competitive inhibitor the most effective? Under what conditions is an uncompetitive inhibitor the most effective?

Make a detailed comparison of DNA vs RNA, providing at least FOUR distinguishing characteristics.

Make a comprehensive comparison of aerobid respiration with fermentation, providing at least FIVE features that distinguish these process. Why are microbial fermentations important?

Describe at least FOUR physical or chemical factors used in the control of microbial growth, the way by which they kill microbes, and provide at least one example of the use of each.

Please answer all questions

Which of the following would be appropriate to use as an antiseptic?

A. Ethanol

B. Ultraviolet light

C. Bleach

D. Phenol

If a piece of heat-sensitive medical equipment must be sterile to be used, which of the following methods would be the best method to achieve this?

Autoclaving

Ionizing radiation

Ultraviolet light

Bleach

An antimicrobial substance that works by disrupting the plasma membrane would be ineffective in treating infections caused by:

Enveloped animal viruses

Prions

Yeast

Gram-positive bacteria

What is the primary mechanism by which ionizing radiation kills microorganisms?

Disruption of the plasma membrane

Damage to genetic material

Inhibition of cellular respiration

Denaturing proteins

A food scientist is trying to calculate how long bagged salad should be exposed to ionizing radiation to reduce the microbial population to 10 or fewer cells. Based on population estimates, the average bag of salad has 10,000,000,000 (ten billion) bacterial cells before treatment. The scientist knows that exposure to ionizing radiation kills 99.9% of the cells in 5 seconds. What is the minimum amount of time the scientist expose each bag of salad to radiation to be sure that there are 10 or fewer living cells in the package?

10 seconds

15 seconds

5 seconds

20 seconds

Based on the cellular structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which of the following disinfectants would be best to use to prevent its growth?

Group of answer choices

Benzalkonium chloride

Phenol

Iodine

Silver nitrate

Which of the following methods of controlling microbial growth is bacteriostatic?

Oligodynamic action

Alcohol

Boiling

Refrigeration

Select all that apply!

Which of the methods of microbial control listed below are biocidal?

Phenol

Ethanol

Hydrogen peroxide

Filtration

Ultraviolet light

Desiccation

Several media types contain heat-sensitive ingredients, including the urease broth used to determine if an organism can digest urea. To use urease media, it must be sterile before inoculation. What is the best way to create sterile urease broth?

Filter the media

Include antibiotics in the media

Autoclave the media

Add formaldehyde to the broth

Fully explain how the crop maiz was genetically engineerred to have Bt insect resistance

Label them 25,26,27,28,29

25) Use this volume of 0.1 M NaCl stock solution to make 20 mls of 1 mM final concentration

26) Use this volume of 10 mM NaCl stock solution to make 1 L of 5 mM final concentration

27) Use this volume of 5 M NaCl stock solution to make 100 mls of 0.35 M final concentration

28) Use this volume of 5 M NaCl stock solution to make 100 mls of 1% final concentration

29) Use this volume of 5 mM NaCl stock solution to make 10 mls of 1 mM final concentration

Discuss the relationship between Homo sapiens, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo heidelbergensis, Homo floresiensis and Denisovan hominid.