3. Assume that in humans, right-handedness (R) is dominant over left-handedness (r). A left handed man marries a right-handed woman. They have ten children all right-handed. What are the genotypes of all individuals of this family? Dad = Mom = Kids =,

4. A right-handed man marries a left-handed woman. Their first child is left-handed. What are the chances that future children will be right-handed? _________% Left-handed?________%

5. Assume in humans that brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue (b) and right-handedness (R) is dominant over left-handedness (r). A brown-eyed, right-handed man marries a blue-eyed right handed woman and their first child is blue-eyed and left-handed. What are the genotypes of the two parents?

Mom _________

Dad __________

6. In humans, a type of blindness called aniridia (B) is dominant over the normal sighted individual (b). Migraine headache (M) is the result of a different dominant gene. A non-migraining man with aniridia whose mother was not blind marries a normal sighted woman who suffers from migraines but whose father did not. In what proportion of their children would you expect to have both aniridia and migraine to occur? __________

   7. A researcher believes, as a result of investigation, that the dark pigmented skin of the pure African is due to two pairs of factors, and that white skin is due to the absence of these factors. Let these factors be represented by AABB and the white skin by aabb. Since no skin is pure white (even in winter!). Assume that A = 30% of black, B = 20%, a = 2%, and b = 1%.

Now cross two individuals both with the genotype AaBb. List the percent of color and the number of individuals in each as the result of such a cross.

Select two diseases that involve different arthropod vectors in their

epidemiology. Discuss each disease and describe the role of each vector in the life cycle of the pathogen and establishment of the disease.

Explain why the study of landscape ecology is gaining importance in urban areas

For each of the following biological issues explain: (a) possible ethical issues involved; (b) two sides or views of the issue; (c) possible separation of scientific versus societal view and opinions.

1. Cloning

3. Rare and endangered species conservation

4. Sea level rise

Compare the adaptations of plants and animals in lentic and lotic habitats.Thank you

Which has a wider array of structures: proteins, DNA, or RNA? Explain why.

In your own words, explain common functional relatedness, structural relatedness, and ancestral gene relatedness of conserved regions of proteins.

Explain why protein domains that contain structurally or functionally important amino acid sequences would be conserved between organisms that are very distantly related.

Why are cysteines important to the structure of a protein?

Explain the role of p53 and how its mutation leads to increased growth rate in the cell.

Which mutations most commonly lead to cancer – somatic cell or germ-line?

How do mutations lead to natural selection?

A strict anaerobe can gain its energy from:

Chemolithotropy

anaerobic respiration

glycolysis

fermentation

all are correct

Adam tells you that bacteria are so primitive and uninteresting. If it weren't for their disease-causing ability, we wouldn't care about them. Do you agree? Use three reasons to explain your position.

1. When a horse is mated with a donkey a mule is produced. The horse has 19 pairs of chromosomes in each cell; the jack has 33 pairs.

a) How many chromosomes are in each egg of the mare?

b) How many chromosomes are in each sperm of the jack?

c) How many chromosomes are in the cells of the mule?

d) Are the chromosomes of the mule in pairs?

e) Can the mule reproduce?

Signal Transduction:

A) Explain how growth factors, acting through the signal transduction pathway, regulate cell proliferation.  Names of specific proteins and their function must be given.

B) Give 2 specific examples of how an alteration in the signal transduction pathway can lead to cancer

Cell Cycle Regulation:

Describe the mechanism by which the cell cycle is regulated by mitogens. In your answer, be sure to include the following:

a) The phases of the cell cycle and protein whose concentrations vary during the cell cycle

b) The complexes formed by the proteins in (a) and the mechanisms by which they are regulated

c) The substrate of the complexes in (b) and its role in cell cycle control

d) Describe 2 ways in which the substrate in (c) can be inactivated to cause cancer