9. Why isn’t Earth’s climate uniform? To answer this, summarize the major factors that can produce differences in climate from place to place.

Introduction TO ECOLOGY

Define ecology and state in one sentence, its importance for understanding the environment.

List biotic and abiotic factors that determine the distribution of organisms on Earth.

List ten of Earth’s major terrestrial and/or aquatic biomes and list characteristics of each.

Identify two factors that dictate the distribution of all terrestrial biomes and explain the importance of each in one sentence.

ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE

Define the term “ecosystem” in one sentence.

Describe in one short paragraph the general flow of energy and the cycling of nutrients through ecosystems.

Identify the differences and similarities between a food chain and a food web.

Name and define each trophic level in an ecosystem and cite an example for each level, using the following terms: producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, decomposer, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, autotroph, and heterotroph.

Using one organism as an example, describe the difference between a fundamental niche and a realized niche in one or two sentences.

Using one or two sentences, compare and contrast resource partitioning and the competitive exclusion principle.

Describe in one sentence the concept of symbiosis, and define in two sentences the concepts of parasitism, commensalism and mutualism using a pair of organisms to exemplify each.

In two sentences, list the key characteristics of a predator and a prey using an example of an animal that exemplifies each. Describe in a short paragraph why a predator and prey can exhibit a cyclical relationship in terms of population oscillations.

Select 5 biomes describing at least 3 characteristics for each of the 5 biomes.  

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In a paragraph discuss four differences between r-strategists to K-strategists. Give one example of a plant and one animal that exhibits each strategy and explain in a sentence for each what traits inform you that they exhibit that strategy.

In two sentences differentiate between density-dependent and density-independent forces and their impact on population size.

In a paragraph discuss the key differences between the three types of survivorship curves (Type I, Type II and Type III); give one example of an organism that exhibits each pattern and state in a sentence for each what traits inform you that it exhibits that strategy.

State seven ways humans make an impact on the environment through population size and/or the ecological footprint of its citizens.

What are some cities, states, and counties that have reached carrying capacity ? - what made them reach carrying capacity?

. Protein X is a single polypeptide with three functional domains. The first is a globular domain which has a protein binding domain and contains both alpha-helices and beta-sheets. The second domain is a group of seven alpha-helices that contain mostly hydrophobic amino acids. The third domain appears to be an enzymatic domain which transfers a phosphate group from ATP to a hydroxyl group on another protein. Postulate the function of this protein and give reasons that support this prediction.

Describe why shape is critical to the proper functioning of all proteins.

Define each of the following in a sentence: demography, density, distribution, and size as they relate to population ecology.

Draw both a J and S shaped growth curve on a single graph and explain in a short paragraph how they are related.

List two factors that contribute to environmental resistance.

Define the term carrying capacity (K) and describe in one sentence what happens to a population when K is exceeded.

1. How do sponges reproduce?

2. How do sponges feed?

3. What is the basic body plan of the cnidarians?

4. What are the two stages of the Cnidarian life cycle?

5. Which stage of Cnidarian is sexual and which is asexual?

Compare and contrast (in 100 words or less) the processes of Northern, Western and Southern Blotting.

Please answer all questions.

Which of the following types of transporters would be utilized to move two different types of molecules across the cell membrane in the same direction?

Which of the following taxonomic groupings is most specific (i.e., contains a set of organisms that is most related/similar in nature)?

Bryce is interested in examining the effect of a new drug, Enlighten, on improving the mood of college students who are about to sit for their final exams. Specifically, he is interested in determining if it has a greater effect than no drug at all. The independent variable in Bryce's experiment is ___________________.

Which of the following descriptors best characterizes a non-spontaneous reaction?

In guinea pigs, black coats (B) are dominant to brown coats (b). What would be the genotype of a guinea pig that is homozygous dominant for coat color?

In guinea pigs, black coats (B) are dominant to brown coats (b). A guinea pig that is heterozygous for coat color would produce which of the following gametes?

In guinea pigs, black coats (B) are dominant to brown coats (b). A female guinea pig that is homozygous recessive for coat color mates with a male guinea pig that is heterozygous for coat color. What percentage of their offspring will have black coats?

In guinea pigs, black coats (B) are dominant to brown coats (b). A female guinea pig that is homozygous recessive for coat color mates with a male guinea pig that is heterozygous for coat color. What would be the genotypic ratio of the F₁generation?

If two guinea pigs in the F₁ generation described in the question above mated, at random, what would be the likelihood that they would produce an offspring with a black coat?

Certain genes, such as the non-structural genes that produce rRNA, are unregulated and have essentially constant levels of gene expression (i.e., they are always "on"). These genes are described as being ___________________________.

In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, gene regulation occurs primarily at the transcriptional level. This is because early regulation of gene expression prevents the organism from needlessly expending energy and resources to produce proteins it has no need for.

Transcription and translation occur simultaneously in eukaryotic organisms because both events take place in the cytoplasm.

List in the correct order and define in a sentence the different levels of ecological organization (individual, population, species, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere).

Define the terms planktonic, nektonic, pelagic and benthic organisms.

POPULATION ECOLOGY

Define the term population in a sentence.

In a paragraph, explain what is meant by a population’s biotic potential and the environmental resistance that limits this potential.