1.      The chicken ovalbumin gene has five introns and interrupting the coding sequences or exons. How many R-loops will be observed if DNA of the gene and cytoplasmic mRNA are mixed under conditions that allow hybridization? How many R-loops will be observed if nuclear pre-mRNA is used?

Why can't people donate blood who recently have:

a. had a tattoo or a recent piercing?

b. been recently treated with antibiotics?

c. are low on iron?

d. if you don't weigh at least 110 lbs?

e. is a man who has had anal intercourse with another man?

f. have had sex with a sex worker in the past 12 months?

g.  previously received blood transfusions during a medical procedure?

h. been in a relationship with a drug user (injected)?

Hagrid is interested in breeding Hippogrifts, a magical creature with the head and wings of an eagle and the body, rear legs and tail of a horse. Hippogrifts usually have steal color beak (b⁺), orange eyes (r⁺) and sharp talons (d⁺). In a cross between a true-breeding Hippogrift with a black color beak(b) and orange eyes (o⁺) and sharp talons male (d⁺) and a very rare-true breeding Hippogrift with a steal (b⁺), ruby eyes (r) and dull talons (d). He obtains only F1offspring with steal color beaks (b⁺), orange eyes (r+) and sharp talons (d⁺). However, if the F1 males were bred to the rare Hippogrift with a black (b) beak, ruby eyes (r) and dull talons (d), he obtains the following Hippogrifts. Hagrid was very confused with this data. He asked Hermonine to explain the outcome to him.

F2 data

Draw the map of the 3 genes showing their relative distances.

What is the interference?

6. RNA ___________________ is post-transcriptional alteration of sequences in mRNAs.

10. RNA splicing involves two __________ reactions?

14. Peptide bond formation in translation occurs by an _______________catalyzed reaction

17. The protein kinase Raf phosphorylates the protein kinase _______, which then phosphorylates (on both threonine and tyrosine residues) ______________________________.

18. Expression of the immediate early genes triggers the expression of a battery of other downstream genes called ________________________________________________.

What is the difference between gene therapy and stem cell therapy? What are some of the successes that have been achieved using gene therapies?

whats the Differentiate between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. What are the advantages of each? The disadvantages?

Stem cells therapies have been controversial. What are some of the reasons for the debates about this science? What do you think? Do we need legislation and regulation? Who should oversee this research? What kinds of laws should we have?

Fragments of DNA can be separated by electrophoresis according to _____.

a.sequence

b. length

c.species

d. composition

Which of the following can be used to carry foreign DNA into host cells? Choose all correct answers.

a.RNA

b. Virus

c.PCR

d. Plasmids

e. Lipid clusters

f.Blasts of pellets

g.Xenotransplantation

h. Sequencing

Transgenic _____ can pass a foreign gene to offspring.

a.plants

b. animals

c.a and b

d. none are correct

Discuss some practical benefits of DNA cloning. Please be thorough in your response

1. Use the following information to complete the chart below:

2. Which of the molecules in question #1 are macromolecules? Give a reason for your

answer.

3. Which of the molecules in question #1 are carbohydrates? Explain
4. Which of the molecules in question #1 could be a lipid molecule? Explain
5. Which of the molecules in question #1 could be a part of a part of a protein molecule? Explain

OPEN QUESTIONS: You are researching mechanisms involved in wdf1 gene expression regulation in yeast

1. Please shortly describe how to identify enhancers regulating expression of the wdf1 gene.

2. You have discovered that Wou1 protein is the transcriptional factor that is involved in wdf1 activation. You next goal is to identify other factors, that are interacting with Wou1 protein and are required for wdf1 activation. Please shortly describe experimental approaches to achieve this goal.

3. You have discovered that Wou1 protein is the transcriptional factor that is involved in wdf1 activation. You next goal is to identify other factors, that are interacting with Wou1 protein and are required for wdf1 activation. Please shortly describe alternative experimental approaches to achieve this goal.

Two-Point Mapping

The general strategy used to determine the genetic distance between linked genes is to: 1. Make all of the genes of interest heterozygous in an individual or strain 2. Examine the gametes produced in the heterozygous individual(s) Using our example above. You have two pure-breeding lines of plants, one with green seeds and short height (GG tt) the other with yellow seeds and tall height (gg TT). You cross the two strains to make the genes heterozygous. What type of a cross would you perform to determine the types of gametes being produced by the F1 heterozygous individuals?   

1. In all of the crosses below, draw two horizontal lines representing the homologous chromosomes of each individual and the genes on each chromosome. Show the P generation cross. Show the gametes produced by each parent strain (show the chromosome in the gamete)

2. Show the F1 double heterozygotes (show the chromosome lines) and the tester stock that you would use in the testcross.

3. In your F1 double heterozygotes. a) Which gametes will be formed if crossing-over does not occur? These gametes are referred to as parental or non-recombinant gametes. Why? b) Which gametes will be formed if crossing-over does occur between the genes? These gametes are referred to as non-parental or recombinant gametes. Why?

Clutch size vs. age at first reproduction

Two hawk populations (same species, different environment) start with one individuals each. In one population, reproductive adults must attain two years of age, and their average clutch size is 1.5. In the other population, adults can reproduce the first year, but their average clutch size is only 1. Both species are iteroparous. Assume that all adults of reproductive age reproduce every year, and survive.

How many hawks will be in each population after one year?

Two years? Three years?

Four years?

Five years?

Make a diagram to represent individuals of the two populations.

What conclusion can you make about the relative

importance of age of first reproduction vs. clutch size?

5. The skin possesses a number of amazing protective properties, and one of the most notable is skin coloration as a protection against U.V. irradiation. Briefly, describe the anatomical, biochemical and physical means by which the skin adapts to U.V. radiation. How does light (U.V.) potentially disrupt cellular function and how is melanin poised to protect against damage. Describe four features of melanin as it relates to interpersonal differences between individuals, and what impact does this have on rates of skin cancer. Describe at least one method used to associate U.V. irradiation with either skin damage or repair. (10 points)

Describe the steps in a bacteriophage and describe events that occur on an agar plate containing a bacterial lawn for a single bacteriophage particle to cause the formation of a plaque.