what is transformation and selection?

what is the descriptive process of selection and transformation?

Why do we have introns and what is the purpose of them?

Why do we waste energy making introns?

The question may be broad but it's something our professor asked us. Thank you.

1. Given that the end of point of apoptosis is the same, describe one way you would expect all of these forms of cell to be the same. (Dead cells is NOT a sufficient answer).

Confused on this question, because one of the earlier question said that some forms of apoptosis do NOT require the activation of the caspases. So i'm not unsure of exactly do they have in common? Is it just that they're revolved around caspase whether it's dependent and independent?

1.Describe the basic process of metamorphosis and give three examples from three different phyla of the varied forms of metamorphosis in the animal kingdom.

2.Animals typically show either radial or bilateral symmetry. Explain what this means and discuss how this affects their ecology and behavior.

3.Only a few groups of animals have conquered land throughout evolutionary history. Identify these groups and describe some of the challenges associated with life on land as opposed to life in water. Given the challenges, what advantages are there to living on land?

4.With over one million species described, arthropods are the most diverse group of animals. In the space below, briefly describe at least three reasons that make arthropods such a successful group of animals.

Hurry please!!

For the following allosteric regulators of CAC:

• Predict whether the cell has abundant energy or needs energy
• State which enzyme (s) are affected and why this enzyme
• state whether the enzyme is activated or inhibited
  • high concentrations of NADH
  • High concentrations of CA2+
  • high concentrations of succinyl-CoA

Describe the approaches and techniques used to generate the first draft of the human genome sequence in Feb 2001?

2 pages min with diagrams . thanks

If the cells from the mixed smear were observed after each step of the acid-fast or cold acid-fast procedure, predict the colors of the cells at each step.

Imagine a human society of hunters and gatherers. Some individuals are vegans, only consuming plant material, while others are omnivores, mostly eating hunted animals. Explain the benefits and also the challenges that each of these diets would have.

Create a metabolic pathway that begins with palmitoyl coA in the mitochondrial matrix, and ends up pyruvate

You have oxaloacetate, citrate shuttling, ATP, and erythrose-4-phosphate if you need them

How the Lac, Trp, and CAM operons work?

What are the role it plays in the operon system

1) You are exposed to influenza viruses, and alas, you have not yet had your influenza vaccine this year! Unfortunately, the viruses manage to bind successfully to epithelial cells in your nasal passageways, initiating an infection.

a) Follow the pathway of a single virus as it initiates its infection, resulting in the production of numerous virus particles.

b) Describe your immune system and its response: both innate (first line, that was breached, and second line of defense) and adaptive. Which components may not have played a role in protecting you, and which ones will ultimately hopefully clear this infection?

2) Consider a group of humans all exposed to pathogens (i.e., the same disease-causing organism, but presumably a population of such!) Examples might be a group of people eating at a restaurant, or all exposed to a respiratory pathogen in a shopping mall, classroom, or on an airplane, etc.

a) Would everyone come down with the illness? Why or why not?

b) If not, how would you explain the variability in response in terms of 1) differences attributable to pathogens and 2) differences attributable to humans?