Question

In: Biology

Dopamine (DA) Norepinephrine (NE) Serotonin (5-HT) Is the NT used in the peripheral nervous system? (yes...

Dopamine (DA)

Norepinephrine (NE)

Serotonin (5-HT)

  1. Is the NT used in the peripheral nervous system? (yes or no)
  1. Is the NT used in the central nervous system? (yes or no)
  1. Where are the cell bodies located?
  1. Where do the axons project to?
  1. Is the NT synthesized in the axon terminal, or is it synthesized in the soma and transported to the axon terminal?
  1. From what precursor molecules are the NT synthesized from?
  1. Is the NT stored inside a presynaptic vesicle?
  1. Is the NT released in a calcium-dependent manner?
  1. Are the receptors all ionotropic, are the all metabotropic, or do both types exist?
  1. What are the possible synaptic actions of the receptors?
  1. How is the NT inactivated? (reuptake, enzymatic breakdown, or both).  If enzymatic, name the enzyme.
  1. What physiological and behavioral actions are associated with the NT?
  1. What Clinical Disorders

Solutions

Expert Solution

Yes NT are used in PNS

Yes NT are used in CNS

Cell bodies are located in gray matter of brain and spinal cord, cell bodies are located in dorsal ganglia of spinal cord and in neuron cell is the first part (Anterior) part of neuron.

Axon projected away from the cyton or cell body. Axon is long cylindrical process of neuron.

NT are synthesized in the axon terminal

Amino acids are the precursor of various NT such as Dopamine can be synthesized from phenylalanine indirectly or from tyrosine directly.

NT are stored in small vesicles in the axon terminal.

Nerve impulse reaches to the presynaptic terminal results in the opening of Calcium ion channel and entrty of calcium ions mobilize the the small NT filled vesicles towards presynaptic membrane and finnaly the NT releases in the synaptic gap

In eukaryotic cells both ionotropic and metabotropic receptor is present made up of glycoproteins and mostly embeded in the post synaptic membrame (some in presynaptic membrane also) and selectively bind neurotransmitters.

Receptors binds to the NT which results in the influx of ions by opening of ion channels and propagate the electrical signal or nerve impulse.

NT can be reuptake or be broken down by the enzyme such as acetylcholine is degraded by acetylcholinesterase into acetate and choline.

Acetylcholine is degraded by acetylcholinesterase into acetate and choline.

NT are inhibitory such as glycine and excitatory such as serotonin.

clinical disorders such as Parkinson's disease caused by the destruction of dopamine secreting par compacta

part of basal nucleus called substantia nigra.

Dopamine is responsible for sleep, mood, pleasure etc.

Norepinephrine is called as figh and flight hormone released during emergency.

Serotoni is responsible for anxiety, happiness and mood.

Dopamine

Norepinephrine

Serotonin (5-HT)

1

Yes

Yes

Yes

2

yes

Yes

Yes

13

Deficiency of dopamine is linked to depression, schizophrenia

Low levels can causes lethargy, depression, lack of concentration etc.

High levels causes happiness and low levels causes depression.

Please note:- Dear student earlier your question was not displayed me completely so I answered in differently.


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