Discuss the role of plant tissue culture methods for generation of (a) somatic hybrid plants, and (b) mutant plants with enhanced resistance to bacterial diseases. Please explain as detail as possible. Thank you.

1.What is the role of histone acetylation in eukaryotic cells?

2.What is the role of amino-acyl-tRNA-synthetases?

what is the distinguish sexual and asexual reproduction method of fungi with examples ??

Explain the role of ubiquitination in the regulation of cellular protein levels.

What is the role of amino-acyl-tRNA-synthetases?

The anticodon sequence of the tRNA carrying lysine into the ribosome is 3’-UUC-5’. Write down the corresponding three nucleotide long DNA double strand. Include 5’ and 3’ end of each strand and indicate which of the two DNA strands is the template strand.

Compare/contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Write in essay format and give thorough explanations.

From the And The Band Played On: What is your perception of how the CDC disseminated the findings of the scientific study that demonstrated sexual contact as a mode of disease transmission?

Does diffusion occur in only one direction, or can one substance diffuse in one direction, and a second substance diffuse in the opposite direction? What is your evidence? Give specific examples. What determines the direction of diffusion?

Angiosperm reproduction relies on animals, wind, gravity or secretion to convey pollen grains from the male to the female organ. However, researchers have studied one species of orchid that is entirely self-reliant for its reproduction. The orchid rotates its anther in order to insert pollen into its own stigma cavity then rotates the anther back, against gravity, to its original position. List 3 different physical features of the orchid that would be consistent with its complete dependence on self-fertilization. Explain the 3 choices.

1. True or False? Plants take up nitrogen from the atmosphere in the same way that they take up atmospheric carbon.

2. Large animal aggregations such as bird colonies, herds of large herbivores, and shoals of fish provide "safety in numbers" from predators. As a result, individuals in larger groups have higher survival & greater rates of reproduction than individuals in smaller groups. This represents an example of which of the following?

A. Positive density dependence

B. Negative density dependence

C. Density independent population regulation

D. None of the above

3. Legumes contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots that increase soil nitrogen for use by other species. This is an example of:

A. inhibition

B. tolerance

C. facilitation

D. suppression

You are measuring the titer (i.e. plaque-forming units (PFUs) of the Rabid Wolverine Virus within the bloodstream of Ohio State fans, and you measure the following numbers from blood drawn from one Buckeye (Ohio State) fan. In each case below, you have plated 1 mL of the blood or diluted blood on a plate containing a confluent monolayer of tissue culture cells that are susceptible to the virus. You allowed the plates to incubate overnight, and upon arriving at the lab early the next morning you count the plaques on each plate. Your results are the following:

- the plate with the undiluted blood sample resulted in too many plaques to count

- the plate with the 10-fold dilution of the blood sample resulted in too many plaques to count

- the plate with the 100-fold dilution of the blood sample resulted in approximately 3000 plaques

- the plate with the 1000-fold dilution of the blood sample resulted in 298 plaques counted

- the plate with the 10,000-fold dilution of the blood sample resulted in 32 plaques counted

Which of the following best describes the titer of the Rabid Wolverine Virus within the bloodstream of the single Buckeye (Ohio State) fan you tested?
3 x 10⁹ plaques / mL
3 x 10⁷ plaques / mL
3 x 10¹ plaques / mL
3 x 10⁵ plaques / mL
3 x 10³ plaques / mL

The coding region alone for the important BRCA1 tumor supressor gene in humans contains 5,592 bp (base pairs) of DNA in the coding region. Mutations in the BRCA1 gene associate with breast and ovarian cancer in humans and "carriers" of BRCA1 mutations have a ~50-65% chance of developing breast cancer by age 70.

with the above info alone calculate (i) the predicted number of amino acids for the encoded BRCA1 protein, and (ii) predict the molecular weight of the BRCA1 protein in kDa, using the average amino acid molecular weight.

Discuss ocean acidification with respect to coral reefs. Thank you !