Question

Please answer these question briefly. Dont have to write a lot. like 2-3 sentences or less as long as get answer the questions. Please answer all thanks

1) Aspects of protein translational regulation that are key for protein folding

2) Embryonic stem cells

     a)Derivation (from fertilized eggs that would be thrown away normally)

3) What is “Pluripotent” and what are some main criteria for pluripotency

4) What are applications of pluripotent cells?

5) What are some problems with pluripotent cells?

Answer 1

Answer 1)

Protein synthesis and folding are regulated by the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation facor eIF2alpha by endoplasmic reticulum resident kinase. These two processes are coupled in the secretory pathway of endoplasmic reticulum.The phosphorylation is driven by a stress signal form the endoplasmic reticulum to protein synthesising machinery.

Answer 2)

Embryonic stem cells are pleuripotent cells that can be be grown into all the three primary germ cell layers namely ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. They have two charactristic properties of pleuripotency and ability to replicate indefinitely. ESC can be derived from an egg by fertilizing it in vitro and alllowing the formation of blastocyst.

Answer 3)

Pluripotent refers to that type of cell which has the capacity to grow into any cell of the body of an organism.

Answer 4)

Applications of pluripotent cells.

1. Pluripotent cells can be differentiated into hepatic lineage and provide an accurate model for liver diseases, drug screening and drug toxicity testing.

2. They can be used for cell based therapies.

3. Transgene-free reprogramming of easily accessible cell sources, such as blood.

4. Safe site-specific genetic engineering of iPSC (induced pluripotent stem cells).