Questions
Explain the evolution on the thoughts of the ciculatory system. Who were the major players? What...

Explain the evolution on the thoughts of the ciculatory system. Who were the major players? What were the major changes in through from person to person. Start with Hippocrates and move through the end of the Renaissance with William Harvey.

In: Biology

Why the hydrophobic effect is a powerful organizing principle in biochemistry

Why the hydrophobic effect is a powerful organizing principle in biochemistry

In: Biology

Pick the correcty answer If a mutation that inactivated telomerase occurred in a cell (telomerase activity...

Pick the correcty answer

If a mutation that inactivated telomerase occurred in a cell (telomerase activity in the cell = zero), what do you expect the outcome to be?
The position of the centromere would shift at each replication cycle, eventually leading to mutations in the genetic information and cell death.
The number of tandem repeats would increase with each replication cycle, eventually leading to a large unstable chromosome and cell death.
The telomeres would shorten at each replication cycle, eventually leading to loss of essential genetic information and cell death.
DNA primase would be unable to bind to the 5 end of the template strand, eventually causing a reduction in chromosome size and cell death.

Somatic or body cells have very little telomerase. As a result, the telomeres within these (proliferating) cells _____ with each cell division.
shorten
lengthen
remain constant in size
can either shorten or lengthen
None of the answers is correct.

A researcher is studying telomerase in four types of mouse cells: brain cells, skin cells, blood cells, and gametes (sperm/eggs). What do you suspect she will find?
telomerase activity/amount will be highest in skin cells
telomerase activity/amount will be highest in brain cells
telomerase activity/amount will be highest in blood cells
telomerase activity/amount will be highest in gametes (sperm/eggs)
telomerase activity/amount will be the same in all of the cell types
Examples of hybridization of single-stranded DNAs used in Chapter 10 include:
primers used in DNA sequencing and in PCR
sticky-end cloning
probes used in Southern and Northern blotting and in diagnosis of mutations
All of the answer options are correct.
Examples of proteins that bind to DNA and then act on it, found in Chapter 10, include:
restriction enzymes
Taq DNA polymerase
DNA ligase
All of the answer options are correct.
Why is ligase needed to make recombinant DNA?
It enables the donor fragments and the vector DNA molecules to initially hybridize.
It is responsible for forming the complementary sticky ends of the donor fragments and the vector DNA.
It is only used when blunt-ended vectors are used to form recombinant plasmids.
It creates phosphodiester bonds at the sites where inserted DNA and vector have attached by complementary base pairing.
It is used in the isolation of recombinant plasmids from those plasmid vectors that did not take up donor DNA.
What would be the immediate consequence in the cloning process if someone forgot to add ligase?
There would be no hybridization between the vectors and the donor DNA fragments.
No complementary sticky ends would form in either the vectors or the donor DNA molecules.
Blunt-ended vectors would be able to form covalent bonds with donor DNA.
The inserted DNA and the vector would be held together only by hydrogen bonds, so recombinant plasmids would lose the inserted DNA.
Recombinant plasmids could not be separated from nonrecombinant plasmids.

In the PCR process, if we assume that each cycle takes five minutes, how many-fold amplifications would be accomplished in one hour?
12-fold
32-fold
512-fold
4096-fold
The position of the gene for the protein actin in the haploid fungus Neurospora is known from the complete genome sequence. If you had a slow-growing strain that you suspected of being an actin mutant and you wanted to verify that it was one, would you (1) clone the mutant by using convenient restriction sites flanking the actin gene and then sequence it, or (2) amplify the mutant sequence by using PCR and then sequence it?
The better choice is to clone and sequence the actin gene to confirm that it has mutated. This is a dependable method provided that suitable restriction sites are available.
The better choice is to amplify the actin gene sequence from the mutant and sequence it to confirm that it has mutated. PCR requires fewer steps, and it can be completed more quickly. However, it requires the production of suitable primers.
Why is it necessary to use a special DNA polymerase (Taq polymerase) in PCR?
because the reaction starts with very small amounts of DNA template
because the polymerase has to be able to remain active after heating to 95 degrees Celsius
because the reaction uses primers which are not usually required for DNA replication
because the amount of template increases with each cycle

One feature that virtually all plasmid vectors have in common is the polylinker (also called a multiple cloning site). This is important because
it helps select transformants from nontransformants.
it carries convenient restriction enzyme sites into which the DNA to be cloned may be inserted.
it allows the vector to replicate independent of host.
All of the answer options are correct.
Virtually all plasmid vectors have a selectable marker. This is important because
it helps select transformants from nontransformants.
it carries convenient restriction enzyme sites into which the DNA to be cloned may be inserted.
it allows the vector to replicate independent of host.
All of the answer options are correct.
Prototrophy is often the phenotype selected to detect transformants. Prototrophic cells are used for donor DNA extraction; then this DNA is cloned and the clones are added to an auxotrophic recipient culture. Successful transformants are identified by plating the recipient culture on minimal medium and looking for colonies. What experimental design would you use to make sure that a colony that you hope is a transformant is not, in fact, a revertant (mutation back to prototrophy by a second mutation in the originally mutated gene) of the auxotrophic mutation?
Use an auxotroph that cannot revert as the recipient, such as one that contains a deletion.
Include a selectable marker on the vector that is added to the auxotrophic recipients. Then use the selection conditions to confirm that the colony is a transformant.
Sequence the gene of interest isolated from a putative transformant to determine if additional mutations have occurred.
All of the answer options are correct.

In: Biology

COURSE :AGRI-RECORDS AND MANAGEMENT 1. Management is first _____________, ____________ and ____________. 2. In farm business...

COURSE :AGRI-RECORDS AND MANAGEMENT

1. Management is first _____________, ____________ and ____________.

2. In farm business management, ‘what’ is to _______ and ‘how’ is to __________.

3. As performance is to ____________, competition is to ______________.

4. The steps in rational decision-making involve: _________, ____________, _______, _________, _________, ________ and ________.

5. Breakeven budget provides the manager with an indication of what will happen if _____ and ______ deviate from values in the original budget. It is useful for ______ and also to assess the ______ of a machine/equipment/farm business

In: Biology

Discuse if neuraminidase N2 protein of the ibfluenza A virus could be a Excellent targer for...

Discuse if neuraminidase N2 protein of the ibfluenza A virus could be a Excellent targer for designing durgs that inhibit the virus, as antiviral durgs

In: Biology

Calculate the energy yield from the oxidation of palmitoyl CoA. How do you account for the...

Calculate the energy yield from the oxidation of palmitoyl CoA. How do you account for the different energy yields between palmitoyl CoA, palmitic acid, and palmitoleic acid?

In: Biology

describe experiment that shows that U2 base pairs with branch point sequence

describe experiment that shows that U2 base pairs with branch
point sequence

In: Biology

Name the three components of a DNA nucleotide. Explain how the DNA double helix is formed...

  1. Name the three components of a DNA nucleotide. Explain how the DNA double helix is formed including the Base Pairing rules and the Antiparallel structure.

In: Biology

You have been employed by a wholesale nursery to set up a new plant tissue culture...

You have been employed by a wholesale nursery to set up a new plant tissue culture facility to propagate selected desirable cultivars of ornamental orchids. The nursery has allocated a maximum of $AUD10,000 for you to purchase the necessary materials, and has requested that you prepare a report to the manager for consideration.  

1. What are the materials needed to set up the facility? (E.g. large equipment, small equipment (glassware etc), consumables (hormones, medium etc) etc)

In: Biology

4 types of epithelial tissue are?

4 types of epithelial tissue are?

In: Biology

please i want computer typing answer with details and explain Explain the Bohr effect. How does...

please i want computer typing answer with details and explain

Explain the Bohr effect. How does pH (and pKa) and CO2 affect the binding affinity of oxygen to hemoglobin in the lungs and in tissues? Which of the specific amino acids in the hemoglobin molecule are involved in facilitating the interactions that affect oxygen binding affinity? How is CO2 transported from the tissues to the lungs?

In: Biology

The use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has contributed enormously to the development of transgenic plants. Discuss this...

The use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has contributed enormously to the development of transgenic plants. Discuss this contribution and cite five examples of improvements in characteristics of crop plants resulting from genetic engineering. State 3 concerns raised about these genetically modified organisms?

In: Biology

Test 2: Olfactory adaptation Obtain two smelly objects, such as a bottle of oil of peppermint,...

Test 2: Olfactory adaptation

  1. Obtain two smelly objects, such as a bottle of oil of peppermint, black walnut extract, isopropanol, or anything else that has a strong odor.
  2. Press one nostril closed.
  3. Hold one of the smelly objects under the open nostril.
  4. Record the time it takes or the odor to disappear.
  5. Repeat with the other nostril and note the time to adaptation.
  6. Immediately remove the first smelly object and replace it with the second, which should smell very different, hopefully ☺
  7. Answer the following questions:
    1. What smelly objects did you use? How long did it take to become adapted to the first smell in the first nostril? How long did it take to become adapted when you changed nostrils? Was it longer or shorter? Why?
    2. What happened when you replaced objects? Why?

In: Biology

1) Explain, in detail, using analogies, how the human body can be compared to how an...

1) Explain, in detail, using analogies, how the human body can be compared to how an army defends itself against enemy invasions. You will want to think of the lines of defence as described in the chapter (external innate, internal innate, and adaptive immunity) and use examples from each line to illustrate your points. Use accompanying words/phrases to compare the body to the way an army operates. If you are not familiar with military strategy and combat, feel free to do some internet research on this topic, to aid your comparison. (11pts.)

2) Use a visual(s) such as a sketch(s), chart(s), or a concept map to assist in your explanation. (5pts.)

3) Briefly explain how the inflammatory response is an example of the immune system maintaining equilibrium and homeostatic balance in the body.
(2pts.)

4) Proper referencing and use of citation where required (2 pts.)

In: Biology

Please describe site-directed mutagenesis.

Please describe site-directed mutagenesis.

In: Biology

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