Question

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Explain the Bohr effect. How does pH (and pKa) and CO2 affect the binding affinity of oxygen to hemoglobin in the lungs and in tissues? Which of the specific amino acids in the hemoglobin molecule are involved in facilitating the interactions that affect oxygen binding affinity? How is CO2 transported from the tissues to the lungs?

Answer 1

Ans 1-Bohr effect- Bohr effect is described as the decrease in oxygen affinity of a respiratory pigment(hemoglobin) in response to decreased blood pH resulting from increased carbon dioxide concentration.This lower affinity enhances the unloading of oxygen into tissues to meet oxygen demand of the tissue.

Ans 2- In lungs , increased pH and decreased carbon dioxide concentration leads to increased affinity of oxygen to hemoglobin hence loading of oxygen takes place.

In tissues, decreased pH and increased carbon dioxide concentration leads to decreased affinity of oxygen to hemoglobin hence unloading of oxygen takes place.

Ans 3-In hemoglobin, these three amino acids are responsible for binding of oxygen to the active site - Lysine , histidine , aspartate.

Ans 4- Carbon dioxide is transported from tissues to lungs in the blood by any of the three methods -

- dissolution directly into the blood.

- binding to hemoglobin.

- carried as a bicarbonate ion.