Write down the details of your strategy for breeding chihuahuas starting from a small ANSWER group of grey wolves. Don’t worry about the time that your strategy may require, but simply describe the step-by-step approach you would follow and explain why you think it would work.

Scientists decided to study, in vitro, the activity of the eukaryotic DNA polymerase Pol e.
1) In a first experiment, they apply a solution of Pol e on top of a chromatography column containing heparin. They collect the solution that elutes from the bottom of the column (flow-through). Their analysis reveals that the flow-through does not contain any protein.
What is the property of heparin demonstrated by this experience?

2) They designed a second experiment including 4 steps.
Step 1: A long single stranded DNA (M13) was incubated with a radiolabeled primer (P) with a sequence complementary to a short region of M13.
Step 2: The DNA/P complex was then incubated with the DNA polymerase, the 4 types of deoxyribonucleoside 3-phosphate (dNTPs), with or without heparin.
Step 3: After incubation for different length of times (0, 1, 2, and 4 minutes) the DNA polymerase is inactivated, the DNA is extracted and separated by agarose gel electrophoresis.
Step 4: The radioactive DNA was visualized by autoradiography.

Scientists compared the activity of two DNA polymerase: and Intact polymerase (Pol e WT) and, a mutant polymerase lacking a portion of the protein (Pol e D). Not that the deletion does not affect the catalytic activity of DNA Pol e.
The results of the experiments are listed in the figure below.

a) What does the 31 nucleotides (nt) fragment represent? Be specific
b) Why do you think the 31 nt fragment was not detected when Pol e WT was incubated with heparin?

c) By comparing the data for Pol e WT and Pol e D and based on what you know about this polymerase, could you identify the domain of Pol e missing in Pol e D Briefly explain?

1. What is one major issue in the public health arena that you think merits more attention than it is currently getting from the healthcare establishment, the media or the community at large? Explain why you offer that issue and how you think it might be best addressed in the future.

Suggest a risk assessment model for enzymes to be used for food purposes.

David, an undergraduate intern in our lab, forget to block the blot with BSA and continue to the antibody hybridization steps and finally developed his blot. Could you please describe his blot picture without even looking!

Lake Tanganyika harbors a high diversity of Cichlid fish. A study constructed phylogenies of Cichlids based on 38 retroposon insertion sites. 24 of these yielded the same phylogeny, but 14 supported a variety of different phylogenies. From this the researchers concluded that there must have been rapid speciation going on in the lake. Explain this reasoning. Why is it significant that the traits being used were retroposon insertion sites? In your answer, explain the difference between a gene tree and a species tree.

27. Which three of the researchers listed below received the Nobel Prize for discoveries related
double helix DNA structures:
a. Francis Crick, James Watson and Rosalind Franklin
b. James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and Maurice Wilkins
c. Maurice Wilkins, Rosalind Franklin and Francis Crick
d. James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins

28. Each nucleotide of a DNA molecule consists of:
a. Phosphate groups, pentose sugar and heterocyclic nitrogen bases
b. Phosphate groups, hexose sugars and heterocyclic nitrogen bases
c. Phosphate groups, pentose sugar and oxygen bases
d. Phosphate groups and hexose sugars
e. Hexose sugar and heterocyclic nitrogen base

29. The strand complementary to the DNA strand 5'-TACGATCATAT-3 'is as follows:
a. 3'-TACGATCATAT-5 '
b. 3'-ATGCTAGTATA-5 '
c. AUGCUAGUAUA 3'-5 '
d. 3'-GCATATACGCG-5 '
e. 3'-TATACTAGCAT-5 '

26. The significant difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is as follows:
a. Prokaryotic DNA floats freely in the cell, while eukaryotic DNA is located in
cell nuclei
b. Prokaryotes do not have DNA, as genetic material, while eukaryotes have
c. Prokaryotes do not have ribosomes, while eukaryotes do
d. Prokaryotic cells are not membrane-bound, whereas eukaryotic ones are
e. The correct answers are a, b and c

21. The technique used by Rosalind Franklin in detecting the structure of a DNA molecule is as follows:
a. Spectroscopy
b. X-ray crystallography
c. Spinning
d. NMR technique
e. Electrophoresis

22. A point mutation that replaces the codon of a specific AK with a stop codon is called:
a. Wrong mutation
b. Meaningless mutation
c. Silent mutation
d. Mutation of reading frame change
e. None of the above

23. Frameshift mutation is:
a. Replacing one AK with another
b. Insertion of a single nucleotide into the chain
c. Removal of multiple nucleotides from the chain
d. Binding of two different proteins
e. The correct b and c is the answer

24. Depurination:
a. A very rare mutation
b. Removal of thymine base from the chain
c. Removal of adenine base from the chain
d. Removing the uracil base from the chain
e. All answers are correct

25. The significant difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is as follows:
a. Prokaryotes do not have DNA, as genetic material, while eukaryotes have
b. Prokaryotes do not have ribosomes, while eukaryotes have
c. Prokaryotic cells are not membrane-bound, whereas eukaryotic ones are
d. Eukaryotic DNA floats freely in the cell, while prokaryotic DNA is located in the cell nucleus
e. Nothing is true

20. Why are histones a highly conserved protein?

a. Because they are closely related to the regulation of replication
b. Because they are necessary for replication
c. Because they play an important role in the packaging of DNA in the nucleus
d. Therefore, they are required for the transfer of plasmids from one cell to another
e. The correct answers are a, b and c

Describe/explain the endosymbiont theory for the evolution of mitochondria & plastids in Eukaryotic cells .

-Who was involved (Who engulfed who??)

-What organelles were formed and how

-What were the advantages

-What are the five (5) pieces of evidence that support this theory

what is the difference of enzyme from body and enzyme which had been created or they are just the same thing?

You decide to use RT-PCR to confirm your predictions about the exon organization of the 2 mRNAs in tissue such as heart and epidermis. Describe in general the experiment you would do, specifying where your PCR primers would be designed to bind. What results would you expect. Please be specific

Part A What biological and psychological factors cause people to abuse opioids? Please incorporate information on the endogenous opioid receptors in your discussion of biological factors. Part B Read the article below on vaccines for opioid addiction. What are your reactions after reading the article? Are you in favor of promiting vaccines for opioid addiction? Support your decision with facts from the article and other scholarly sources.

Harper, J. (2017). Drugmaker behind Vivitrol to cash in on opioid epidemic, one state law at a time. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/06/12/523774660/a-drugmaker-tries-to-cash-in-on-the-opioid-epidemic-one-state-law-at-a-time

what is an exome ? why can exome sequencing be more informative than genome sequencing for investigating the genetic basis of trait?