when some monosaccharaides are in solution: what structural modification occurs?

considering the structural modification above, what type of isomerisation can occur?

Classify microorganisms based on their nutrient requirements

What are the step to do electrophorese 2D in order to purify the protein after cloning ?

You have been appointed as the new planning officer at a district assembly. The DCE has asked you to produce a five page report(reference if possible) outlining the environmental services that would be required in a small town with population of 6000 for the next 10 years.
1. List and explain at least 6 environmental services (or infrastructure) that you would recommend for the settlement
a. Just the environmental implications or contribution of each of these services that you have outlined to the overall development of that small town
b. Explain the methods you are likely to use to arrive at the projected population and how you will carry out your needs assessment

Ribavirin is an antiviral drug commonly used to treat viral infections such as hepatitis C and the highly lethal Hantavirus, Ebola, and Marburg infections. During the SARS outbreak in 2003, it was also tested in SARS-CoV patients. Ribavirin is a nucleoside inhibitor, or more specifically a ribosyl purine analog. Based on the biochemical principle of the drug alone, would you think ribavirin would be useful to treat dengue and herpesvirus infections?

What would be the metabolic effects of liver failure? Describe in detail. Discuss the pathways which will be affected and the effects on other organs of the body. Remember the many functions of the liver. (15)

Identify the many functions and pathways in the liver which will now be deficient. Both central metabolism and those of consequence to other tissues (5 pts).

(type answer here)

Identify materials/chemicals used by other organs/tissues which would be deficient, effects on the pathways of these other tissues and accumulation of toxins in the other tissues as a result of the liver biochemistry failure (5 pts).

(type answer here)

Overall effects on the other organs and tissues of the body (not the liver). Explain what liver failure will do to the body, what tissues most affected and pathways most affected. Answer in light of the big picture and reactions and pathways in other tissues/organs outside of the liver.  

A) Imagine that you found a white colony on a LB plate (containing Ampicillin, X-gal, and arabinose) that did not fluoresce green E. coli. Propose a hypothesis for how this could have occured.

B) How could you test your hypothesis using techniques and equipment in a lab.

5. A man whose blood type is B, and whose mother was type O, marries a woman with type A, whose father was type O. What are the genotype for the man and his wife and the genotypes and phenotypes of any offspring?

Show cross.

Man’s Mother genotype: Woman’s father’s genotype:

Man’s genotype: X Woman’s genotype:

Offsprings phenotype ( blood type)

6. A man, whose blood type is A and whose mother had blood type O marries a woman whose blood type B and whose parents had blood type AB. What are the genotypes of the man and woman and the genotypes and phenotypes of their children.

Show cross.

Man’s Mother genotype: Woman’s parents genotypes:

Man’s genotype: X Woman’s genotype:

Offsprings genotype:

Offsprings phenotype ( blood type):

How to purify the protein after cloning? Describe each step of the method in detail.

Define the CT numbers and describe the effect of the CT acquisition parameters (kVp, mAs, pitch) on the CT numbers, and then briefly discuss why the CT number for a tissue can depend on the acquisition parameters.

22. List some of the ecological roles of fungi.

1. What are mycorrhizae? Differentiate between endomycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae.
2. Define lichen. What are the three types?
3. Describe at least 2 fungal parasite or pathogen of plants.
4. Describe at least three fungal pathogens of humans.
5. Provide examples of how fungi directly benefits humans.

2. A biochemist wanted to study how various substances were used in cellular respiration. In one experiment, she allowed a mouse to breathe air containing O2 "labeled" by a particular isotope. In the mouse, the labeled oxygen first showed up in
a. ATT.
b. NADH
C. CO2
d. H2O

3. A gram of fat produces _____ as much ATP as a gram of glucose.
a. two times
b. three times
c. four times
d. five times

4. The intermembrane space of mitochondria has a large concentration of
a. FADHz.
b. hydrogen ions.
C. NAD
d. oxygen

5. During pyruvate oxidation, a carboxyl group is first removed before NAD+ is reduced to NADH. Which of the following molecules does the oxidized two-carbon molecule combine with to produce the final substrate?
a. acetyl CoA
b. coenzyme A
C. pyruvate dehydrogenase
d. succinate

6. Which of the following is a true distinction between cellular respiration and fermentation?
a. NADH is oxidized by passing electrons to the electron transport chain in respiration only.
b. Only respiration oxidizes glucose.
C. Substrate-level phosphorylation is unique to fermentation;
cellular respiration uses oxidative phosphorylation.
d. Fermentation is the metabolic pathway found in prokaryotes;
cellular respiration is unique to eukaryotes.

Explain the location and mechanism of the resistant mutation, and why it allows the mosquito to be resistant to pestisides.

1. In the past, fungi were thought to be plants. Explain why. Why are they no longer considered to be plants?

1. What characteristics do fungi share with animals?
2. What is the 3 – 4 letter root word of fungi? (Hint: what is the study of fungus?)
3. Some fungi are pigmented. What is the purpose of the pigment?
4. Fungi belong to what supergroup? If most fungi are nonmotile (do not move), why are they classified in that supergroup?
5. What is the definition of yeast? Give two examples.
6. What are hyphae? What type of fungi produce these structures?