22. List some of the ecological roles of fungi.

1. What are mycorrhizae? Differentiate between endomycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae.
2. Define lichen. What are the three types?
3. Describe at least 2 fungal parasite or pathogen of plants.
4. Describe at least three fungal pathogens of humans.
5. Provide examples of how fungi directly benefits humans.

2. A biochemist wanted to study how various substances were used in cellular respiration. In one experiment, she allowed a mouse to breathe air containing O2 "labeled" by a particular isotope. In the mouse, the labeled oxygen first showed up in
a. ATT.
b. NADH
C. CO2
d. H2O

3. A gram of fat produces _____ as much ATP as a gram of glucose.
a. two times
b. three times
c. four times
d. five times

4. The intermembrane space of mitochondria has a large concentration of
a. FADHz.
b. hydrogen ions.
C. NAD
d. oxygen

5. During pyruvate oxidation, a carboxyl group is first removed before NAD+ is reduced to NADH. Which of the following molecules does the oxidized two-carbon molecule combine with to produce the final substrate?
a. acetyl CoA
b. coenzyme A
C. pyruvate dehydrogenase
d. succinate

6. Which of the following is a true distinction between cellular respiration and fermentation?
a. NADH is oxidized by passing electrons to the electron transport chain in respiration only.
b. Only respiration oxidizes glucose.
C. Substrate-level phosphorylation is unique to fermentation;
cellular respiration uses oxidative phosphorylation.
d. Fermentation is the metabolic pathway found in prokaryotes;
cellular respiration is unique to eukaryotes.

Explain the location and mechanism of the resistant mutation, and why it allows the mosquito to be resistant to pestisides.

1. In the past, fungi were thought to be plants. Explain why. Why are they no longer considered to be plants?

1. What characteristics do fungi share with animals?
2. What is the 3 – 4 letter root word of fungi? (Hint: what is the study of fungus?)
3. Some fungi are pigmented. What is the purpose of the pigment?
4. Fungi belong to what supergroup? If most fungi are nonmotile (do not move), why are they classified in that supergroup?
5. What is the definition of yeast? Give two examples.
6. What are hyphae? What type of fungi produce these structures?

Discuss growth kinetics in the fungal organism.

why is fingerprinting controversial?

What are the benefits of fingerprinting in our daily life/career?

Write in your own words without copy and paste from the net about " describe the differences between mitosis and meiosis" total words ( 700-800 ) In detail please

the short essay must contain

1- Introduction

2- Body

3- Conclusion

Note: please do not copy and paste from the net

how does Canada's stance on DNA finger print compare to the international community?

You decide to dilute a broth culture by making a series of four 1:100 dilutions. You then pipet 1 ml of the final dilution onto one agar plate and 0.1 ml onto a second plate. After incubating overnight, you count 350 colonies on the first plate (with 1 ml) and 56 colonies on the second plate (with 0.1 ml). Which plate would you use for your calculations? Why? Calculate the concentration of the original culture and be sure to include the proper units in your answer. (Hint: Draw a diagram of the dilution series to help you get the answer.)

Describe the process of ecological succession from a pioneer community to a climax community. include a discussion of species diversity and interactions accumulation of biomass and energy flow.