You have a fossil that you want to radioactively date. You run an analysis using Carbon14, and you find that your fossil contains 0% Carbon-14, and 100% Nitrogen14. What does this mean, and approximately how old is your fossil?

Discuss the levels,role, and importance of regulating gene expression within bacteria

How should students prepare to use chemicals in the lab? Select one or more:

• Sort the lab chemicals in alphabetical order for quick access.

• Become familiar with the chemicals to be used, including exposure or spill hazards.

• Check labels and discard chemicals that are not 100% pure.

• Locate the spill kits and understand how they are used.

A long, dismal history tells of charlatans who make unfounded promises and take advantage of people at the time when they are least able to care for themselves. The clinical trial process is the most objective method ever devised to assess the efficacy of a treatment. It is expensive and slow, and in need of constant refinements, and oversight, but the process is trustworthy. (Zivin, 2000, p. 75)

What do you think Zivin means when he suggests that clinical trials can be trustworthy, fast, or cheap—but that in any one trial, only two of the three are possible? How does that relate to challenges in current times to create a coronavirus vaccine?

1.The procedure used to align many sequences at the same time is called: *

• diversity sequence alignment
• multiple sequence alignment
• local alignment
• multiple statistical alignment
• substitution matrix alignment

2.The method of alignment that tries to align regions with high level matches without considering the alignment of the rest of the sequence is called: *

• global alignment
• multiple sequence alignment
• local alignment
• multiple statistical alignment
• high level matching alignment

3.The type of sequence alignments that is most suited for finding conserved patterns in DNA or protein sequences is called: *

• global alignment / multiple sequence alignment
• local multiple alignment
• local alignment / multiple polymorphism search
• multiple statistical alignment
• high level matching alignment

4. An outbreak of pneumonia has occurred. This outbreak appears to involve a family who had attended a family gathering and wedding ceremony. The samples from the patients were then tested by PCR using the primers for 16S rRNA and RT-PCR using primers for SARS and SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses. Select statements that are TRUE pertaining to the case involving this family. The sequence of the amplified fragment from the PCR is provided here: AACACGGAGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAGAACTAACGCTGGCGGCGCGTCTTAAACATGCAAGTCAAGCGGAGTAGCAATACTCAGCGGCGAACGGGTGAGTAACACGTGGGTAATCTTCCTCTGAGTCTGGGATAACTTTCCGAAAGGGAAGCTAATACTGGATGGTCCCGAGAGATCACAAGATTTTTCGGGTAAAGATTTATTGCTCGGAGATGAGCCCGCGTCCGATTAGCTAGTTGGTGAGGTAAAGGCTCACCAAGGCGACGATCGGTAGCCGGCCTGAGAGGGTGTTCGGCCACAATGGAACTGAGACACGGTCC ATACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTTAAGAATCTTGCTCAATGGGGGGAACCTGAAGCAGCGACGCCGCGTGAACGATGAAGGTCTTCGGATTGTAAAGTTCAGTAAGCAGGGAAAAATAAGCAGCAATGTGATGATGGTACCTGCCTAAAGCCACCGGCTAACTACGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAAAACGTATGGTGCAAGCGTTGTTCGGAATCATTGGGCGTAAAGGGTGCGTAGGCGGACATGTAAGTCAGGTGTGAAAACTGCGGGCTCAACTCGCAGCCTGCACTTGAAACTATGTGTCTGGAGTTTGGGAGAGGCAAGTGGAATTCCAGGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCGTAGATATCTGGAGGAACACCAGTGGCGAAGGCGACTTGCTGGCCTAAAACTGACCCTGAGGCACGAAAGCGTGGGTAGTGAACGGGATTAGATACCCCGGTAATCCACGCCCTAAACGTTGTCTACCAGTTGTTGGGGGTTTTAACCCTCAGTAACGAACCTAACGGATTAAGTAGACCGCCTGGGGACTATGCTCGCAAGAGTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGGTCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGGTGGTTTAATTCGATGATACGCGAAAAACCTCACCTAG GCTTGACATGGAGTGGAATCATGTAGAGATACATGAGCCTTCGGGCCGCTTCACAGTTGCTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTGGGTTAAGTCCCGCAACGAGCGCAACCCTCACCTTATGTTGCCATCATTCAGTTGGGCACTCGTAAGGAACTGCCGGTGACAAACCGGAGGAAGGCGGGGATGACGTCAAATCCTCATGGCCTTTATGTCTAGGGCAACACACG *

• The pathogen is a type of coronavirus.
• The physician can inform the family that they are suffering from a disease called leptospirosis.
• The patients should be quarantined because they have COVID-19
• The pneumonia is due to a bacterial infection.
• The pneumonia can be treated with antibiotics.

5.Your research group has just completed the genome sequencing for a new bacterial species named V. novela. This newly sequenced genome has not yet been annotated. Your colleague has been studying the VTOX protein in E. modeli for many years and is interested in finding out whether a homolog for the VTOX protein can be found in the bacterial species V. novela. Select the options that are TRUE that can be used to provide an answer to your colleague.

• Do a blastn against the PDB database.
• Use the blastp program with the VTOX protein as the query to search the UniProt database.
• Use the VTOX protein sequence as a query for the tblastn program to search the V. novela genome as the database.
• Search the E. modeli database using tblastn and the VTOX protein as the query.
• Carry out a gene prediction for the V. novela genome and use the resulting genes as blastx queries to search a protein sequence database.

discuss how Japan's health care policy would be a good policy moving forward in the United States. Support your reasoning with research from your text and outside readings.

text: isbn- 9781284120240

chapter 3

A germ cell divides to give rise to two daughter cells. Each of the two daughter cells then divides to give rise to two daughter cells. Is the genetic information found in two daughter cells that arose from a cell that went through the second division, identical? Explain your answer.

Discuss the medical and epidemiological features that you would expect to be associated with a novel Avian Influenza virus epidemic

1. Select statements that are true regarding the function of the protein with the sequence provided below: MKSKILYGPSPVYPLESGTGGEHIHKYISKYAKIPGCVAMTNAHTKENLFYAELVELTCKLAHSLKRYGVTQESTIAVCSENSLQYFIPMISGLYIGAVTAAVSDKYDERELISCLNLSKPSLVFCSQQTLAKILQVKPKLDYIKKILVLDSVDNVDSMQSMHNLILKHCHPDFDVKHFKPDSFNDQKVAMILNSPGSTGLPKGVMLTHKNLLVRFCHCKDPIFGNQISPGTAILTAIPFPHGFGMSTVLGYLTCGFRIVLMHTFDSQLYLQSLQDYNVESTVMVPTLMTFFAKSPLVENYHLPNLKEIASGGAPLSKEIGEAVAKRFKLRTIRQGYGLTETTSTILITAAGEVVPGSTGRLVPFFAAKVVDCTSGEALGSNEVGELYFKGDMNMKGYCNNPEATAEMIDNDGWLHSGDLGYYNETGHFFIVDRLKSGIKYKGYQVAPAELEGILLTHPSIMDAGVTGIPDEYAGELPAACVVLKPGHNITEKSLVNYVSSRVSSVKKLRGGVRFVDEIPKGSTGKIDTRALKEILQKPKSHL *

• It is an enzyme.
• The sequence is an exact match to Aquatica lateralis.
• The substrate for the enzyme is luciferin.
• The substrate for the enzyme is luciferase.
• The protein is found in firefly species.
• The protein sequence is not an exact match to any known firefly species.
• The sequence is from the Kampung Kuantan fireflies.
• The protein is involved in bioluminescence.
• The protein is a fluorescent protein.

2. For the protein sequence provided below; identify the function of the protein. Select other statements that are TRUE regarding that protein sequence. //Protein sequence: MFVFLVLLPLVSSQCVNLTTRTQLPPAYTNSFTRGVYYPDKVFRSSVLHSTQDLFLPFFSNVTWFHAIHVSGTNGTKRFDNPVLPFNDGVYFASTEKSNIIRGWIFGTTLDSKTQSLLIVNNATNVVIKVCEFQFCNDPFLGVYYHKNNKSWMESEFRVYSSANNCTFEYVSQPFLMDLEGKQGNFKNLREFVFKNIDGYFKIYSKHTPINLVRDLPQGFSALEPLVDLPIGINITRFQTLLALHRSYLTPGDSSSGWTAGAAAYYVGYLQPRTFLLKYNENGTITDAVDCALDPLSETKCTLKSFTVEKGIYQTSNFRVQPTESIVRFPNITNLCPFGEVFNATRFASVYAWNRKRISNCVADYSVLYNSASFSTFKCYGVSPTKLNDLCFTNVYADSFVIRGDEVRQIAPGQTGKIADYNYKLPDDFTGCVIAWNSNNLDSKVGGNYNYLYRLFRKSNLKPFERDISTEIYQAGSTPCNGVEGFNCYFPLQSYGFQPTNGVGYQPYRVVVLSFELLHAPATVCGPKKSTNLVKNKCVNFNFNGLTGTGVLTESNKKFLPFQQFGRDIADTTDAVRDPQTLEILDITPCSFGGVSVITPGTNTSNQVAVLYQDVNCTEVPVAIHADQLTPTWRVYSTGSNVFQTRAGCLIGAEHVNNSYECDIPIGAGICASYQTQTNSPRRARSVASQSIIAYTMSLGAENSVAYSNNSIAIPTNFTISVTTEILPVSMTKTSVDCTMYICGDSTECSNLLLQYGSFCTQLNRALTGIAVEQDKNTQEVFAQVKQIYKTPPIKDFGGFNFSQILPDPSKPSKRSFIEDLLFNKVTLADAGFIKQYGDCLGDIAARDLICAQKFNGLTVLPPLLTDEMIAQYTSALLAGTITSGWTFGAGAALQIPFAMQMAYRFNGIGVTQNVLYENQKLIANQFNSAIGKIQDSLSSTASALGKLQDVVNQNAQALNTLVKQLSSNFGAISSVLNDILSRLDKVEAEVQIDRLITGRLQSLQTYVTQQLIRAAEIRASANLAATKMSECVLGQSKRVDFCGKGYHLMSFPQSAPHGVVFLHVTYVPAQEKNFTTAPAICHDGKAHFPREGVFVSNGTHWFVTQRNFYEPQIITTDNTFVSGNCDVVIGIVNNTVYDPLQPELDSFKEELDKYFKNHTSPDVDLGDISGINASVVNIQKEIDRLNEVAKNLNESLIDLQELGKYEQYIKWPWYIWLGFIAGLIAIVMVTIMLCCMTSCCSCLKGCCSCGSCCKFDEDDSEPVLKGVKLHYT *

• The protein is to be able to interact with an enzyme called Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2.
• The protein is a recognizable feature that gives the name to a specific group of related viruses when the virus is studied using electron microscopy.
• The protein is called a corona protein and is composed of lipid chains that is the reason why coronaviruses can be degraded by soap.
• There are no available structures of this protein.
• Homologs of this protein can also be found in bats.

1)

Water has a high boiling point and low freezing point, high self-cohesion, and lower density in the solid phase than in the liquid phase. All these properties can be attributed to ______________.

2)

Based on your knowledge of relative electronegativities among the elements common in living cells, which of these chemical groups containing hydrogen would be most likely to participate in forming a hydrogen bond? "R" represents the rest of the molecule.

3)

In the lining of your stomach, ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and phosphate ion by a transporter, releasing energy that is used to pump protons (H⁺) from interstitial fluid into the stomach lumen. We learned that energy can make a mass accelerate over a distance. What is the mass and what is the distance in the H⁺ transport system?

Explain what steps should be taken to combat an epidemic (20marks)

Given the sequence below

5’ AACTTCGGCTTAAATGGAGGCCAT’

1. What is the complementary DNA strand?
2. What would the mRNA strand look like?
3. What would the protein look like?
4. Create a point mutation in the DNA and then give the mRNA and protein sequence.
5. Create a frameshift mutation in the DNA and then give the mRNA and protein sequence.

Describe why pH has an effect on the tenderness of meat.

Summarise the three main postmortem stages involved in the conversion of muscle to meat.

What is a reporter gene construct? b. Where did the reporter gene come from? What is its normal biological function? c. How was the expression of the reporter gene controlled? d. What information did the use of the reporter construct give the investigators?