Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and a proton:

CO2 + H2O ? HCO3- + H+

This enzyme is necessary for the reaction shown above to occur rapidly enough for normal kidney function. Which of the following might you expect to occur if we inhibited the carbonic anhydrase present in renal tubular cells?

increased excretion of protons into the lumen of the renal tubule

respiratory alkalosis

metabolic acidosis

Please answer the following questions below:

Read each of the examples below, and indicate which is an example of positive feedback and which is an example of negative feedback. Also provide at least one example of a threshold that might be observed within the system as it is described.

Have you ever considered whether you or someone you love might be at risk for some type of cancer?

1. Identify 2 controllable risk factors associated with the disease. Explain how each risk factor contributes to the onset of this disease.

2. Identify 2 uncontrollable risk factors associated with the disease. Explain how each relates to the prevalence/onset of this disease.

3. What evidence-based steps are important to take in order to reduce your (their) risk of this type of cancer?

Below are descriptions of different steps in the immune response. Each description has an associated letter. Use the letters to answer the questions below matching each question with the best answer. Note, only use each letter once in answering the questions.

A. Phagocytosis of the pathogen

B. Memory B cells recognizing an antigen and activating a secondary immune response

C. Release of interferons from an infected cell that activates apoptosis of nearby cells

D. Antigen-presenting macrophage interacts with a helper T cell

E. Plasma cells producing antibodies specific to an antigen

Which is the first step in the innate immune response activating the adaptive immune response?

Which step will occur after an individual has developed immunity to a specific pathogen?

Which step occurs directly after a macrophage recognizes a pathogen through interaction with antigens on the surface of the pathogen?

Which statement describes what B cells mature into after activation by a T cell?

Which step describes an innate immune response to viral pathogens?

Describe the reproductive systems of male and female squid. Describe how and where fertilization takes place. Where do the larvae develop?

Cystic fibrosis is a rare disease caused by homozygosity for a recessive allele, and characterized by a build-up of mucus in the lungs and difficulty breathing. A woman whose maternal uncle had the disease is trying to determine the probability she and her husband could have an affected child. Her husband's sister died of the disease. Assuming the uncle and the sister are the only family members who had the disease, what is the chance that the couple's first child will be affected? I'm getting 1/18, but chegg says 1/64? Please verify it is 1/64 for the answer.

You’re working with an mRNA transcript and want to characterize precisely where initiation of translation starts and where RNA binding proteins interact. Explain the experimental approach you’ll take to do this.

1) You study a deadly disease in your community; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is usually contracted in in-patient facilities. The following information will help you calculate your death statistics. Total population in your community = 97,432. Total deaths this year in the community = 515. Total deaths from MRSA = 21. Total people diagnosed with MRSA = 107. What is the case fatality rate?

A) 1.10/1000

B) 19.63%

C) 4.08%

D) 2.16/10000

E) 5.29/1000

2) You are studying mortality rates due to malaria in a community where spread of the infection by mosquitoes is high. You use the following information to calculate your death statistics. Total population in your community = 590,118. Total deaths this year in the community = 3,895. Total deaths from malaria = 137. Total people diagnosed with malaria = 4,426.

What is the Proportionate Mortality Rate?

A)2.32/10000

B) 3.52%

C) 7.50/1000

D) 6.60/1000

E)3.10%

Which of the following statements is NOT true when describing a proportionate mortality rate?

A) When calculating this measure, all deaths for the period of study are included in the denominator.

B) This measure is expressed as a percentage of all deaths.

C) This measure is used to describe the proportion of deaths in a defined population that is attributable to a specific cause.

D) This measure is used to describe the total number of deaths in a defined population, including all causes.

Tourette Syndrome is the involuntary twitching of motor or vocal muscles. It usually presents symptoms in adolescence and is much more common among boys than girls. You are researching Tourette syndrome for the CDC and find the following information. Your study population is 87,026

Number of People in Study Number of People Diagnosed:

Boys 46,410 191

Girls 40,616 154

Age 6-11 37,775 169

Age 12-17 49,251 176

What is the prevalence of Tourette Syndrome in your study?

A) 1.77/1000

B) 3.96/1000

C) 3.79/1000

D) 7.93/1000

1. Compare the primary role of Mg²⁺ [ Mg(II)] in the mechanism of restriction endonucleases with that of Zn²⁺ in the carbonic anhydrases.
2. Explain the role of Ser 236 in abstracting a proton from the attacking water and giving up a proton to the Mg²⁺-ATP complex.

Phylogenetic Reconstruction - Please provide a behavioral phylogenetic reconstruction of these groups of birds (how the Darwinian Finches evolved) beginning with a common ancestor moving towards the bird with the most complex behavior (in your opinion). Here, I am looking for the behaviors that lead to the morphologies that we see.

:how does feeding by urchins improve establishment by young corals?Draw a diagram outlining interactions.

Cindy is a thirty-five-year-old volunteer in an inner-city church-sponsored preschool program. The mothers of the neighborhood are encouraged to bring their children to the program for a “time out.” Most of the children are present on an irregular basis one or two times a week.

            One day, Zach, a 2½ year-old became ill during his stay. A rash of small red spots that were not raised above the skin surface was observed during his changing, and he had a slight fever. His mother was located and encouraged to take him to the local clinic.

            Shortly after this, Cindy confirmed what she had suspected for about a month—a home pregnancy test was positive. At her visit to the obstetrician, Cindy relayed the story of Zach’s illness to the nurse when asked if she had recently been exposed to any illnesses. Cindy had not been overly-concerned about Zach’s rash but had seemed to be mildly ill herself about three weeks after that incident. The obstetrics nurse seemed to be very interested in this exposure and said that they would contact the clinic and see if Zach had visited and been diagnosed. Blood tests were also ordered for Cindy.

Laboratory Results

            The initial hemagglutination inhibition test indicated an antibody titer of 1:16. Subsequent sera collected 10 and 21 days later showed no significant change. There was no significant level of IgM-specific antibody detected.

Which of these is most characteristic of Zach’s symptoms