1. If the first aa of a tripeptide is Met (AUG) followed by Ile (AUC) and Pro (CCU), the order of codons in the mRNA for the tripeptide should read
   1. AUGAUGILECCUUAG        c. AUGILECCUU                           
   2. AUGILECCUUAG                d. AUGILECCUUAGUAG

2. The first base of the codon is U, the number of codons beginning with U is
   1. 4                      b. 8                           c. 12              d. 16

3.    A codon for Ile is AUC, therefore its anticodon is
   1. GAU               b. CUA                  c. UAG           d. UGA

4.   The folding of tRNA has contributions from the
   1. the TYC and the D arms together
   2. the TYC alone
   3. the TYC, anticodon and D arms
   4. the TYC, aminoacyl, anticodon and D arms

5.   Protein synthesis in bacteria is faster than in animal cells because
   1. transport of mRNA is faster through the smaller bacterial nucleus
   2. there are more ribosomes in bacteria than in the animal cells
   3. there are many nuclei in the bacteria making more mRNA
   4. the mRNA of bacteria goes directly to the ribosome from the polymerase

1. The enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix is called
   1. DNA gyrase                c. helicase
   2. primase                       d. ligase
2. RNA polymerase has
   1. 5’- 3’ exonucleases
   2. 3’- 5’ exonucleases
   3. both exonucleases
   4. no exonucleases

3. In the synthesis of RNA the addition proceeds by    
   1. attack of the 3’OH to the a phosphate of the incoming NTP
   2. attack of the 3’OH to the a phosphate of the incoming dNTP
   3. attack of the 5’OH to the a phosphate of the incoming NTP
   4. attack of the 5’OH to the a phosphate of the incoming dNTP                     

4.    The RNA transcript is identical to the
   1. nontemplate strand of DNA
   2. coding strand of DNA but T is replaced by U
   3. coding strand of DNA but U is replaced by T
   4. template strand

5.   The specific binding sites for RNA polymerase on DNA are called
   1. core subunits              
   2. transcripts
   3. introns
   4. promoters

You want to analyze the potential effects of Cisplatin, a well known chemotherapeutic agent on E-cadherin expression in ASPC1 cells at different concentrations (1, 3 and 10 µM). (15 pts)

a. Name and explain at least 3 techniques you can use for this study in detail.

b. What will be your test conditions for this study?

c. With the below information already given to you, how many microliters of the drug will you add to each condition if you are using a 10 cm dish for cell culture?

- Main stock of Cisplatin is 10 mM

- Test concentrations will be 1, 3 and 10 µM.

After glycolysis has been completed (and before pyruvate is processed) most of the usable energy from the original glucose molecule is contained in ___ molecules.

a. Acetyl-Coa

b. ATP

c. NADH and FADH2

d. CO2

e. pyruvate

How could ethnobotany be beneficial to us in the future?

In stressful conditions, a cell wants to limit expression of Protein X. List all the ways that this can occur.

Cities may thrive even as environments worsen. TRUE OR FALSE

In all empirical or rational or investigative statements, one has to base statement on..what?

Starting with One Cell describe step by step the process of Meiosis I in males and females (they have different end results). How many viable cells are there for the male and for the female at the end of Meiosis I?

1. Immunoglubulins _______.

a Bind antigens with a 1:1 stoichiometry

b Are produced and secreted by macrophages

c Bind tightly to their antigens

d Form four classes of antibodies

2. Which description is associated with immunoglobulin G?

a Most abundant immunoglobulin

b Consists of one heavy and one light chain

c Consists of two Fc fragments and two Fab fragments

d Important in allergic response

3. The molecular structure for which an individual antibody or T-cell receptor is specific is known as _____.

a An epitope

b An immunoglobulin fold

c Its target

d An immune response

4. Which of the following statements is true about using the Hill equation?

a Log Kd must be concerted to log P50

b It is possible to observe negative cooperativity

c It will never be 1 for a multisubunit protein

d It cannot be applied to noncooperative binding

5. Regarding the models of cooperativity, _________.

a The concerted model and the sequential model are mutually exclusive

b The concerted model is based on the T state and the sequential on the R state

c T state is low affinity and R state is high affinity

d These models, strictly speaking, only apply to tetramers.

What are the components of agarose gel electrophoresis set up?

Use the mRNA codon chart to translate this DNA message:

1. List the sequence of amino acids in this chain
2. Suppose the sixth base in the DNA chain was an A instead of a C. How would this affect the protein

            produced?

3. What is the name given to this type of mutation in a protein chain? Explain

Which of the following bird species are most closely related?

       A. Picoides borealis and Phylloscopus borealis

       B. Numenius borealis and Picoides borealis sapiens

      C. Numenius americanus and Grus Americana

      D. Picoides villosus and Picoides borealis

The similarity of the embryos of chickens and humans is evidence of ________.

       A. biochemical similarities

       B. developmental similarities

       C. morphological similarities

       D. biogeography

If the coat of a virus about to attack a bacterium is labeled with radioactive sulfur and the DNA is labeled with

                 radioactive phosphorous, over time

1. both the sulfur and the phosphorous will be found within the bacterium
2. only the sulfur will be found inside the bacterium
3. only the phosphorous will be found inside the bacterium
4. both the sulfur and the phosphorous will be found outside the bacterium

The joining of amino acid 2 to amino acid 3 (letter "D") will be by