1.

a Explain why all cells in an organism are genetically equivalent, but may vary in phenotype.

b) Explain why the same genotype does not always produce the same phenotype and why the same phenotype can be the result of different genotypes.

c) For a cell that is right after DNA replication, where 2n=6. How many molecules of DNA are there?

d) How many chromosomes are there?

e) How many homologous pairs are there? How many unique chromosomes are there?

Thank you very much

5 ml of a 50% solution of detergent was diluted with water to a final volume of 200 ml. What is the final concentration (%) of detergent?

Create a chart comparing and contrasting the replication strategies of DNA viruses, RNA viruses, and reverse-transcribing viruses.

Describe the composition and function of a typical CRISPR system of bacteria

Draw Metaphase in a) mitosis b) meiosis I c ) meiosis II for an organism that is 2n=8. Be accurate in your depiction of the chromosomes.

Place the events listed below in the correct chronological order for protein synthesis.

A protein is produced

Genome in nucleus

Ribosome adds an amino acid to a growing amino acid chain

Gene copied as mRNA

tRNA anticodon binds to mRNA codon

mRNA joins ribosome

Which of these does not characterize telomerase? A. A ribonucleoprotein B. A reverse transciptase C. Contains an RNA molecule D. Highly active in somatic cells E. None of these

1. How does Muggsy Bogues exemplify our human biocultural behaviors and provide an example for why we are successful on this planet?

2. Consider his friend Manute Bol (called “the tallest player in the NBA” in this video): What environment and climate is he adapted to, based on Allen’s rule?
   1. A Since he is tall and thin, his ancestors adapted to hot, dry conditions
   2. B Since he is tall and thin, his ancestors adapted to cold, wet conditions
   3. C Since he is tall and thin, his ancestors adapted to hot, humid conditions
   4. D His human ancestors did not adapt to any conditions, since humans don’t adapt.

A population has the following genotypic distribution: 10AA 15Aa 25aa. Based on your calculated allele frequencies, how many individuals would you expect to be homozygous dominant (=AA) if the population is in H-W equilibrium? Based on your calculated allele frequencies, how many individuals would you expect to be heterozygous (=Aa) if the population is in H-W equilibrium? Based on your calculated allele frequencies, how many individuals would you expect to be homozygous recessive (=aa) if the population is in H-W equilibrium?Is this population in H-W equilibrium? Is it evolving?

In the classic set of "blender" experiments by Hershey and Chase, which of the following were observed?

A. Radioactive sulphur (S³⁵) was detected with the bacteria.

B. Radioactive phosphorus (P³²) was detected with the bacteriophage ghosts.

C. Both S³⁵ and P³² were detected with the bacteriophage ghosts.

D. Both S³⁵ and P³² were detected with the bacteria.

E. None of these.

Bacterial cell structures worksheet

Why is research important?

the following two questions are related to these two articles:

1) Pseuderanthemum palatiferum leaf extract inhibits the proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-a and IL-6 expression in LPS-activated macrophages.

Sittisart P, Chitsomboon B, Kaminski NE

2)Early Weaning Stress in Pigs Impairs Innate Mucosal Immune Responses to Enterotoxigenic E. coli Challenge and Exacerbates Intestinal Injury and Clinical Disease  

            McLamb B, Gibson A,Overman E, Stahl C and Moeser A

Question 1: Summarize research studies using simple equations and graphs to represent experimental design and results

• Read the abstracts and the introduction section (especially the last paragraph) of the research articles indicated above
• 1) Identify the type of samples that were analyzed in the research (for example..did they take biopsies of specific organs/tissue?)
• 2) Determine whether the research involved in vitro and/or in vivo experiments
• 3) Propose a control group and an experimental group (or groups) based on the information provided
• 4) Identify the method used for analyzing samples (or propose a reasonable method based on information provided in the abstract and your own knowledge)
• 5) Propose measurements (y-axis labels) for the data based on information provided
• 6) Summarize the main question being addressed by the research (For example: What effect does ____________have on ____________?   
  • 2. Question 2: Use bar graphs as an alternative representation of various types of data
• Identify the components of samples represented in Figure 3a of the article by Sittisart et al. by filling in the following sentences. More than one word may be needed to fill in certain blanks.
• 1) The negative control group contains _______________(cells) that were treated with ______________
• 2) The positive control group contains ________________(cells) that were treated with ______________.
• 3) One of the experimental groups contains _______________(cells) that were treated with _________________.(remember…a negative control is a group that is expected to provide a low measurement and a positive control is a group that is expected to provide a higher measurement. These insure that the methods used are working properly)
• 4) Convert the data in Figure 6b of the article by Sittisart et al. into a bar graph, similar to the bar graph in Figure 3a. Propose a yaxis label that indicates what is being assessed in the experiment.