Why do penguins' beaks look different than terns'?

SAQ2. Two Point Discrimination Threshold (TDP) Assessment: A. What effect do you predict a thin barrier (such as your volunteer wearing a latex glove) would have on the TPD threshold of the fingertip (0.5 marks)? B. What are the probable neural mechanisms for such a difference (0.5 marks)?

How can mutations in different genes be associated with a single disease?

1. Under the UC Guide to Healthy Lawns: List 5 common turf diseases and the cause of each.

2. Under the UC Guide to Healthy Lawns: List 5 common turf insects and list the damage each may cause.

3. Under the UC Guide to Healthy Lawns: What are the symptoms of compaction?

4. Under Trees & Shrubs: What is Black Spot on Roses? How can Black Spot be managed?

5. Under Trees & Shrubs: What do Gall Mites do to Camellias?

6. Under Trees & Shrubs: What causes Anthracnose on Sycamores? Is anthracnose fatal?

7. Under Insects, mites, mollusks, and nematodes: What is the difference between an Argentine Ant and a Carpenter Ant?

8. Under Insects, mites, mollusks, and nematodes: What is a Firebrat? What damage do they do?

9. Under Insects, mites, mollusks, and nematodes: What type of damage is caused by Boxelder Bugs? How should Boxelder Bugs be managed?

10. Under Insects, mites, mollusks, and nematodes: What is the importance of Millipedes and Centipedes?

Explain the following and answer both parts

What is the role of Artemis in V(D)J recombination and why is it important?

1. Does your result match what you had expected based on how you know enzyme activity is affected by temperature? Explain.
2. What changes would you make to improve this experiment? Provide at least one suggestion for improvement.
3. What could you do to increase enzyme activity in this experiment? Provide at least one suggestion.
4. Do animals have an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide? How could you test for the presence of such an enzyme?
5. What changes would you make to this experiment to determine the optimal temperature for this particular enzyme? Do a web-search to find the optional temperature for this enzyme. Include references to information sources.

The Central Dogma of Biology states that DNA is turned into RNA, which is turned into proteins. Is this rule infallible? Think of RNA viruses and telomeres when writing your response.

Background: According to museum collections from the early 1900s, the population of one beetle species in California’s central valley used to have individuals with different colors, including red, blue, yellow and brown. The beetles were found feeding on various native plants. 50 years after almond farming became widespread, most beetles were brown-colored and found living on the bark of almond trees. Observations indicate that birds are the primary predators of beetles.

Question: How and why did the population of beetles evolve to be primarily brown in color?

Your answer:

Sentence 1: Describe the variability that was initially present in the population.

Sentence 2: State which individuals in the population had the highest fitness during the event or change (if any), and why.

Sentence 3: Explain what evolutionary force acted on the population, and why and how it acted.

Sentence 4: Describe how the population evolved in response. Be as specific as you can (e.g., say “increased” or “decreased”, rather than just “changed”.)

What phenomenon explains the following data?

Virus 1 - 100 Kb genome, 99 Kb protein coding

Virus 2 - 1 Mb genome, 998 Kb protein coding

Bacterium 1 - 5 Mb genome, 4.9 Mb protein coding

Bacterium 2 - 11 Mb genome, 10.8 Mb protein coding

Plant - 5000 Mb genome, 15 Mb protein coding

Fungus - 50 Mb genome, 11 Mb protein coding

Grasshopper - 500 Mb genome, 18 Mb protein coding

Snake - 1200 Mb genome, 19 Mb protein coding

Group of answer choices

a. very high body complexity in plants

b. a strong relationship between total genome size and body complexity across all life

c. Large amounts of non-coding DNA in prokaryotes

d. a lack of a link between genome size and organismal complexity in prokaryotes and viruses

e. Large amounts of non-coding DNA in eukaryotes

Bacteria and Archae

Be able to classify Bacteria, Archae and Eukaryotes into the correct domain based on given characteristics.

Know the meaning of the terms thermophile, halophile and methanogen.

Know the importance of bacteria to humans (your gut microbiome affects your health, but bacteria can also be pathogenic, etc)

Protists

You will be given the phylogenetic tree below and asked to use it to classify examples into the correct supergroup of Figure 28.2 (SAR, Unikonta, Archaeplastida and Excavata) based on given characteristics.

Plant Diversity

Know the phylum, domain and supergroup of land plants and its sister taxon.

Describe at least four out of the seven derived traits of land plants.

Describe and draw a general land plant life cycle (know the terms haploid, diploid, gametophyte, sporophyte, spore, meiosis, mitosis)

List an example of nonvascular plants, seedless vascular plants and seed plants.

Compare and contrast information regarding the life cycles of nonvascular plants, seedless vascular plants and seed plants (the comparison chart I gave you in class).

Define xylem and phloem.

Seed Plants

Describe the evolutionary advantage of seed, pollen, flowers and fruit.

Know the importance of seed plants to humans.

Fungi

Describe the body structure of fungi such as cell walls made of chitin, mycelia, hyphae, and haustoria

Know the domain and supergroup of fungi and its sister taxon.

Describe the way that fungi receive nutrition.

Describe the mutualistic relationship between fungi and plants that form lichen.

Know the importance of fungi to humans.

6. “What Plants Talk About”

Describe a characteristic of plants you did not previously know. Only detailed, specific essays of ten sentences or longer will receive full credit. Please do not bring the essay to class, but be prepared to write it.

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Select the true statements about the electron transport chain.

a. The products of the electron transport chain are H 2 O and either NAD + or FAD .

b. In the electron transport chain, a series of reactions moves electrons through carriers.

c. Coenzyme A is a component of the electron transport chain.

d. Coenzyme Q and cytochrome c are components of the electron transport chain.

e. The electron transport chain is an anaerobic process.

Which of the following conditions is required for diffusion to occur?

Group of answer choices

available energy in the form of ATP

a concentration difference

a selectively permeable membrane

a living cell

Materials can be limited from entering the cell by

Group of answer choices

limiting the amount of energy available to the cell

controlling which transporter proteins are available on the cell surface

controlling the movement of water across the cell surface

controlling access to the Golgi apparatus

For cells in which oxygen gas (O₂) crosses the membrane by simple diffusion, what determines the rate at which oxygen enters the cell?

Group of answer choices

the amount of ATP produced by the cell

the concentration of carbon dioxide molecules on either side of the membrane

the number of carrier proteins in the membrane

the concentration of O₂ on either side of the membrane

The following statement is TRUE: when a cell is deprived of oxygen its lysosomes tend to burst and release their contents into the cell. Predict which of the following events would be the most likely END RESULT in a cell deprived of oxygen.

Group of answer choices

undergo cell division

undergo self digestion and die

recycle damaged organelles

produce additional endoplasmic reticulum

produce replacement lysosome

Exercise capacity depends on various factors. It is well known that trainability and exercise capacity differs from one person to another, and this individual difference can be determined by both life-style and genetic factors. What organelle in the muscle cells is most likely to be responsible for very high or very low exercise capacity?

Group of answer choices

plasma membrane

chloroplast

rough endoplasmic reticulum

lysosome

mitochondria

A young toddler is taken to the doctor because he has abnormally greasy bowel movements. The doctor determines that fats are not being digested in the diet due to a deficiency of an enzyme called pancreatic lipase, which is necessary to break down dietary fats in the small intestine. Which organelle in the pancreas cell could be responsible for this disorder?

Group of answer choices

free ribosomes

flagella

mitochondria

Golgi apparatus

Chloroplast

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence 5' ACGTTA 3' the other strand will have the sequence:

Group of answer choices

3'ATTGCA5'

3' TAACGT 5'

3'TGCAAT 5'

3'UAACGU5'

Even though sickle cell anemia is usually fatal to individuals who have 2 copies of the sickle cell gene, the disease persists because:

Group of answer choices

there is no way of knowing which individuals carry the sickle cell gene

individuals with sickle cell anemia don't get adequate health care

none of the answers are correct

gene therapy has alleviated the condition

individuals with one copy of the sickle cell gene are resistant to malaria

The principal defect that leads to the development of sickle hemoglobin involves the substitution of the correct amino acid _______ for_________, an incorrect amino acid in the polypeptide chain.

Group of answer choices

glutamic acid....valine

valine....glycine

phenylalanine....lysine

glutamine....lysine

glutamic acid....phenylalanine

Please list three challenges to marine birds and reptiles of life in the ocean? For each one, list a species and its adaptation for dealing with that challenge.