Question

1a. You are researching a gene involved in the process of glycolysis. Which of the following would you expect to see in terms of regulation of this gene?  Select all that apply.

		it should be induced by glucose
		it should be repressed by glucose
		it should be induced by high ATP levels
		it should be amplified when glucose is depleted

1b.

If you are genetically engineering a protein that you want to accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum of a eukaryotic cell, what is the best answer for what you should do?

		incorporate a signal sequence into the DNA sequence for that protein
		make sure there is appropriate glycosylation
		attach green fluorescent protein (GFP)
		no special action is required as all proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum

1c. Which of the following can be considered final products of a gene? Select all that apply.

		lipids
		polypeptides
		starches
		ribosomal RNAs
		microRNAs
		transfer RNAs

1d. Indicate at least two possible reasons that eukaryotes have introns, and what benefits they may provide

Answer 1

1a. Only glucose is required as a reactant at the very start of glycolysis, but along the way, two ATP must be provided to push the process to its midpoint. After the molecule is split, the process requires a steady supply of NAD⁺ to proceed.

a.it should be induced by glucose

c.it should be induced by high ATP levels

1b. Storage proteins accumulate primarily in the protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of terminally differentiated cells of the embryo and endosperm and as protein bodies (PBs) directly assembled within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

d.no special action is required as all proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum

1c. The functional products of most known genes are proteins, or, more accurately, polypeptides. Polypeptide is just another word for a chain of amino acids.

b.polypeptides

1d. Eukaryotes might need this diversity in proteins because they have many types of cells all with the same set of genes. Therefore, introns are a way to generate different proteins or different amounts of proteins that are unique to a cell type. Introns might also allow for faster evolution. While introns do not encode protein products, they are integral to gene expression regulation. Some introns themselves encode functional RNAs through further processing after splicing to generate noncoding RNA molecules. Alternative splicing is widely used to generate multiple proteins from a single gene.

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