Describe the structure of haemoglobin and the molecular changes that occur in the molecule when it releases oxygen.

(12 marks, plz try to detail)

Thx.

Q8. [10 marks]

Many molecules are involved in providing stability to the Pre-Initiation Complex (PIC) in eukaryotes. Describe:

1. The steps involved in stimulating initiation of transcription from a silent gene
2. How the molecules interact to provide stability to the PIC
3. How the polymerase escapes from this PIC to allow the transcript to elongate

The concentration of CO2 is lower inside a plant cell than in the atmosphere (outside the cell). In your own words, describe how the CO2 levels are kept low inside the plant cell and explain why this is necessary. Assume the outer surface of the leaves of this plant have a waxy layer.

Written Assignment:

Using an anatomy atlas, detail the pathways of the six cranial nerves that govern suck-swallow-breathe. I want to know from where they originate, to their pathways through the various foramina and where they end. Are the pathways sensory or motor? If motor, what muscles do they innervate; if sensory, into which nucleus do they terminate?

Instructions:

You may do algorithms diagrams; write out the pathways as if writing an essay; create graphics, etc. I want to know where the nerve starts, what pathway it follows through what foramina, and what it innervates. Is it sensory or motor? Tip: The sucking anatomy video has some of this information in it. An anatomy atlas will be your best friend. You can also use Wilson Pauwells Cranial Nerves book (any edition) as a source.

Predictions: Indicate your predictions for growth of E.coli or no growth of E.coli based on the presence (+) or absence (-) of the plasmid and the growth medium. Explain your reasoning for each prediction. Lysogeny broth (LB) is a nutritionally rich medium primarily used for the growth of bacteria.

+ plasmid on LB plate

- plasmid on LB plate

+ plasmid on LB plate treated with ampicillin

- plasmid on LB plate treated with ampicillin

+ plasmid on LB plate treated with ampicillin and X-gal

- plasmid on LB plate treated with ampicillin and X-gal

1. Compare metabolic and digestive wastes in Fetal Pigs

2. List the structures, in order, that metabolic waste travels as it leaves a nephron and exits the adult pig

The mitochondrial genome is an interesting mix of eukaryotic and prokaryotic elements. Address the major aspects of mtDNA (in terms of organization, replication, transcription and translation. Use a table to organize your answers.

Estimate all radiation risks for astronauts after travel from the Earth to the Mars and back. Duration of the travel is 1.5 years. Total absorbed dose will be around 6Gy. Discuss validity of your estimation for all risks (strong and weak sides of the estimation).

Describe the outer membrane of a gram negative cell and the important of the O polysaccharide and the Lipid A endotoxin

List 6 differences between the cell walls of gram-positive and gram negative bacteria

Which of the following mechanisms are involved in mediating the increased prolactin secretion during lactation? [1.5 marks]

A . increased progesterone levels

B. increased sensitivity of prolactin negative feedback

C. decreased sensitivity of prolactin negative feedback

D. decreased prolactin gene expression due to the effects of oestrogens during pregnancy

E. increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity and expression

please explain the answer.

Can I please have a lap report on Enzymes,because any one I submitted is not good. please help

Describe the eukaryotic RNAPII and contrast it to the prokaryotic RNAP. What additional elements are present in RNAPII, and how do these contribute to transcription?

What is the significance of the Baltimore classification? How might we be able to use this type of classification to learn more about viruses or ways to target them for treatments?

You are interested in the complete oxidation of glucose in a cell. If the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was inhibited, what product would you expect would be the first to accumulate in the cell?

URGENT!!!!!

You are once again the science officer stationed on the starship NX-01. Upon discovery of a new planet, the mission of you team is to conduct a survey of the resources found on the planet. Now that you have conducted an ecological analysis of the planet, you have been called upon to some examine some of the living organisms on the planet. The area your team has been assigned to explore is located on East Darwin near the coast. The seawater is salty, approximately the same concentration as the seas on earth. Inland from the sea is a dry desert region with very little fresh water available. Between the desert and the sea are patches of scrubby grass, averaging approximately 35 cm in height.

While exploring the coastal areas of east Darwin, you find the remains of a large organism on the beach. The body is approximately 25m long, and appears to be some type of vertebrate-like organism. The organism has four relatively short limbs, attached to a heavy pectoral and pelvic girdle. Because of it’s location, you are at first unsure if it is an aquatic organism that washed up on the beach, or a terrestrial organism that died near the seashore. What respiratory, circulatory excretory and, structural features would you look for during your dissection to determine if it was aquatic or terrestrial? Explain why the structures you have mentioned are important in determining aquatic or terrestrial origins for the organism? (10 pts)

Describe some of the problems associated with the size of the organism mentioned in question #1. In your answer, address possible problems with movement, transfer of heat energy generated by the body and movement of materials across the epidermis. You must refer to the square cube law in your answer. If you answered terrestrial in question 1 assume your organism is terrestrial for question 2 as well. If you answered aquatic in question 1, assume your organism is aquatic for question 2 as well. (10)

In a stream you are observing, you see a living organism that appears to be Catadromous. Explain what this means for their physiology? (5)

These aquatic organisms can sense their environment in a variety of different ways. Discuss two different sensory systems that aquatic organisms may have that humans do not have. (5)

While continuing to explore your assigned area, you come across a small 4-legged organism (approximately 40 cm high, weight approximately 6 kg) with a feather-like outer covering. It inhabits the scrubby grass strips between the sea and the desert. As you observe the animal, you notice that after grazing on the grass, it walks to the sea and drinks the water. What adaptations might this organism have to be able to drink seawater? Explain. (10)

You are to travel to the cold regions in far north of the planet for your final explorations before you return to Earth from your continuing mission. Would you expect to large, small animals, both or none in this region? Why? (10)