Question

4) Choose 5 diagnostic specimens other than intestinal or stool and list what types of organisms (Ex: Intestinal cestode, not Taenia saginata) are found in that specimen and a diagnostic test

Answer 1

Ans 4. Blood, saliva, sputum, urine, semen can be used as diagnosis specimen for different diagnosis requirements.

Blood :- Staphylococcus, streptococcus, and enterococcus species can be found in bloodstream and can be diagnosed by a blood culture test.

Saliva :- Cellulosimicrobium, Streptococcus and Campylobacter are some of the organisms found in the saliva. Various test can be conducted like \Saliography, Immunoglobin A, or Immunoassay test.

Sputum :- Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella species are most common pathogens detected. A sputum culture test helps in diagnosis. Various other tests can also be used like Ziehl–Neelsen stain test, etc.

Urine :- E. coli, Staphylococcus, and Proteus can be found in urine which causes UTIs. Urine culture test can be used to detect these organisms in the urine.

Semen :-  Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum can be found in semen and are causes for genital infections and infertility. Semen analysis or spermiogram can be used as a diagnostic test.