1)Cystic fibrosis an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a single gene, affects the lungs, the pancreas, the digestive system, and other organs, resulting in symptoms ranging from breathing difficulties to recurrent infections. Which of the following terms best describes this?

A)incomplete dominance

B)multiple alleles

C)codominance

D)epistasis

E)pleiotropy

2)What is one function of a signal peptide during peptide translation?

A)to terminate translation of the messenger RNA

B)to signal the initiation of transcription

C)to bind RNA polymerase to DNA and initiate transcription

D)to direct an mRNA molecule into the cisternal space of ER

E)to translocate polypeptide across the ER membrane

3)Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of a signal peptide?

A)It helps target a protein to the ER.

B)It signals the initiation of transcription.

C)It terminates translation of messenger RNA.

D)It directs an mRNA molecule into the cisternal space of the ER.

Science continuously moves forward and uncovers more and more about the human body. We have made monumental strides in human genetics and this has led to recent discussions about patenting genes. This sits in front of the Supreme Court and could have a major impact based upon the decision. Research the pros and cons of this issue and share with the class.

What and how is sexual dimorphism influenced? Radish vs. human. (Evolutionary Biology please give a broad and clear answer. thank you!!)

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4. What is a segmental duplication? Are they common in natural populations? Give two examples, not found in your textbook, of how they could affect a person’s phenotype.

1)Red-green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait in humans. Two people with normal color vision have a color-blind son. What are the genotypes of the parents?

A)XⁿXⁿ and XⁿY

B)X^NX^N and X^NY

C)X^NXⁿ and X^NY

D)X^NX^N and XⁿY

2)A poison interferes with the action of RNA polymerase II, but not RNA polymerase I or III. Which of the following is likely to be true of a cell exposed to the poison?

A)production of tRNA would be stopped but not rRNA or mRNA.

B)production of mRNA would be stopped but not rRNA or tRNA.

C)A cell could perform transcription but not translation

D)The cell would ignore the G1 checkpoint and eventually become cancerous.

outline the difference in the moles of actions of lipid soluble hormone versus water soluble hormones

Explain how photosystems are used during the light reactions to convert solar energy to chemical energy, and list what is required and what is produced by the light and dark reactions. Explain how the light and dark reactions work together.

When referring to MO BIO Microbial DNA Isolation kit protocol...

8. a) How is the DNA separated from the rest of the cell debris after the lysis step?

b) Where will the micro-beads be once the DNA is separated from the cell debris?

Why is it expected to take at least a year to develop a COVID-19 vaccine for the general public? List the steps that must be taken.

1)A homozygous tomato plant with red fruit and yellow flowers was crossed with a homozygous tomato plant with golden fruit and white flowers. The F₁ all had red fruit and yellow flowers. The F₁ were testcrossed by crossing them to homozygous recessive individuals, and the following offspring were obtained:
Red fruit and yellow flowers41
Red fruit and white flowers7
Golden fruit and yellow flowers8
Golden fruit and white flowers44
How many map units separate these genes?

A)17.6

B)17.1

C)15

D)18.1

2)Which of the following, if damaged, would most directly hinder RNA polymerase from attaching to the beginning of a gene?

A)introns

B)exons

C)UTR's (untranslated regions)

D)snRNA

E)promoter region

Clearly Identify the Syllogistic Rule(s) broken and Name the Formal Fallacy or Fallacies committed in each of these argumentative Passages:

1) EAO-2

2) OOI-4

3) III-3

The following is a portion of the non-template DNA sequence from the human ras gene. Answer the following questions about this gene and the effects of gene changes to the specified mutant sequence (mutation in BOLD).

Normal human ras: 5’-acatgactgaatataaacttgtggtagttggagctggt-3’

Mutant human ras: 5’-acatgactgaacataaacttgtggtagttggagctggt-3’

a. (4) What is the normal human Ras amino acid sequence from this portion of the gene, starting with the first start codon?

b. (2) Which amino acid from the normal sequence is mutated, and what is the amino acid changed to in the mutant sequence?

c. (3) What type of mutation is present in this gene (nonsense, missense, silent, transition, transversion)? Include all of the listed terms that apply.

d. (1) Is ras a proto-oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene?

e. (3) Describe the normal cellular function of Ras. How might a mutation in ras promote cancer formation, based on this normal cellular function described in your textbook?

Gas Transport: A trout swims from its normal cold water habitat into a warm water cooling pond. Clearly this is a dangerous situation. Heat shock isn’t an issue. It isn’t that warm. But it is still quite a bit warmer than the cold, fast, highly mixed stream that the trout was in before. So, what about the pond water makes it dangerous? In terms of the trout’s blood will the trout be able to extract what it needs from the pond water? Explain. Will the warmer environment affect the exchange of gasses within the trout, say at muscle and other tissues? Explain.

1.Normal fertilization requires changes in the membrane organization of both sperm and oocyte and penetration of the oocyte by a single spermatozoon.

a. What physical, cellular and biochemical molecular processes are necessary for the succesful passage of a spem from the outermost portion of the cumulus oophorus to the oocyte membrane?

b. How does the human sperm nucleus move in the cytoplasm and why does it facilitate the juxtaposition of the material and paternal pronuclei?

c. why is the orientation of pronuclear DNA critical for embryogenesis to proceed and how does it promote pronuclear membrane breakdown (syngamy)

d. What specific defects in the above processes have been shown to result in fertilization or early developmental failure?

Microbiology Question:

Compare covid19 with influenza. How are these viruses similar? How are they different with regard to disease transmission? How are they different in other way?