With regards to human cheek cells, how many copies of D1S80 do you theoretically add to a PCR tube and what precautions could be made to ensure only your own DNA was added to the PCR reaction?

How is creatinine produced in the body?

Why would urine creatinine levels be a good indicator of kidney function?

When assessing kidney function what other measurements are used?

Give TWO other examples where the concentration of a metabolite in urine is used diagnostically. In each case explain the context and the disease/disorder being diagnosed.

You need to prepare a standard curve at the same time as the unknown measurements. Why is this best practice?

What compounds may interfere with the measurement of creatinine in urine?

The normal range of creatinine concentration in human urine is 5-25 mM. What conditions would return an abnormal value?

Include all the information below about comparison between Hair textures (Afro-texture vs. East Asian): ?

What is the trait called colloquially and scientifically?

What are the hallmarks or characteristics? ?

What mutation(s) causes the trait in your population of interest?

Name of allele? Gene? Type of mutation? ?

What are the differences in frequencies of your trait between the two populations, or, which alleles are characteristic of each population? ?

Are there aspects of this trait that could alter the fitness of the population?

Was the trait selected for or against? What about the environment caused this selection? ?

Did migration, bottlenecking, or the founder effect play pivotal roles in the prevalence of your trait? ?

Were there any types of selective breeding that contributed to the difference in frequency between populations. ?

Is there evidence that interactions with other, pre-existing genes, played a role in the emergence or extinction of your trait within each population?

1.Prontosil showed anti-bacterial activity in patients in vivo but not in vitro. What is the reason for this?

2.List two possible ways by which prontosil/sulfanilamide acts as a reversible competitive inhibitor of folic acid biosynthesis. Draw chemical structures as may be necessary to illustrate your point.

3.Why are sulphonamide selective to bacteria?

What are the different ways that food crops are genetically engineered? What traits get transferred?

What are some of the potential problems of using GMOs in the food supply?

What are some scare tactics and misuse of science against GMO's?

In what other ways have GMOs been used, besides in food?

What are some of the issues or problems that arise because of GMO's? (Ethical, or environmental,)

Include all the information below about Blonde hair (Melanesia vs. Europe) : ( its genetic mutation(s), and the evolutionary mechanisms via which your trait came to differ between populations)

What is the trait called colloquially and scientifically?

What are the hallmarks or characteristics? ?

What mutation(s) causes the trait in your population of interest?

Name of allele? Gene? Type of mutation? ?

What are the differences in frequencies of your trait between the two populations, or, which alleles are characteristic of each population? ?

Are there aspects of this trait that could alter the fitness of the population?

Was the trait selected for or against? What about the environment caused this selection? ?

Did migration, bottlenecking, or the founder effect play pivotal roles in the prevalence of your trait? ?

Were there any types of selective breeding that contributed to the difference in frequency between populations. ?

Is there evidence that interactions with other, pre-existing genes, played a role in the emergence or extinction of your trait within each population?

Include all the information below about Skin color and sun exposure : ( its genetic mutation(s), and the evolutionary mechanisms via which your trait came to differ between populations)

What is the trait called colloquially and scientifically?

What are the hallmarks or characteristics? ?

What mutation(s) causes the trait in your population of interest?

Name of allele? Gene? Type of mutation? ?

What are the differences in frequencies of your trait between the two populations, or, which alleles are characteristic of each population? ?

Are there aspects of this trait that could alter the fitness of the population?

Was the trait selected for or against? What about the environment caused this selection? ?

Did migration, bottlenecking, or the founder effect play pivotal roles in the prevalence of your trait? ?

Were there any types of selective breeding that contributed to the difference in frequency between populations. ?

Is there evidence that interactions with other, pre-existing genes, played a role in the emergence or extinction of your trait within each population?

1. In terms of codon recognition, how is termination fundamentally different than elongation in protein synthesis?

2. How might splicing increase the versatility of eukaryotic genes? Provide an example of a gene that undergoes splicing.

3. Describe the process in which rho dependent termination occurs.

During the elongation phase of protein synthesis, two tRNA binding sites (A and P) orchestrate the elongation of a protein. Describe the recognition of the codon and formation of the peptide bond.

Explain the biochemical steps of what happens when someone falls into a swimming pool and is submerged for a period of 2 minutes.

Why do we sometimes administer Sodium Bicarbonate to patients during the resuscitation of cardiac arrest?

A 23-year-old woman presents to the OB-GYN office you work at. She was recently surprised to learn that she is pregnant. She estimates that she is about 8 weeks along. She tells you that she regularly drinks on the weekends with her friends. She asks you "Is that a problem? As long as I don't drink very much, I can still have a drink occasionally while I'm pregnant, right?"

In your initial post answer the following questions:

How would you answer her questions?

What types of abnormalities can be caused by alcohol, and how does genetics influence this?

Based on the research question, write an ecological hypothesis: Does habitat restoration affect the population stability of Fender’s blue butterflies?

1. Which of the following refers to a cellular arrangement of bacterial cells?

a. rods

b. coccus

c. palisades

d. morphology

2. A coccus that divides along two planes of symmetry would produce which arrangement?

a. diplococcus

b. tetrad

c. coccobacillus

d. streptococcus

3. Bacteria that display significant differences in shape, even within the same species, are said to be

a. streptococcal.

b. flexible.

c. pleomorphic.

d. pathogenic.

4. The primary point of staining bacterial cells is to increase the contrast between the cells and the background.

a. true

b. false

5. A staining technique that results in light organisms against a darkened background is a

a. Gram stain.

b. simple stain.

c. positive stain.

d. negative stain.

6. Which staining technique would provide the most accurate size of a bacterial cell?

a. negative stain

b. Gram stain

c. simple stain

d. All staining techniques would give equivalent results.

7. When preparing a bacterial smear growing on a Petri dish for staining you would

a. use a loop to transfer an entire colony to the slide.

b. use a needle to transfer a small amount of growth to the slide.

c. use a needle to transfer a small amount of growth to a loop of water on the slide.

d. use a loop to transfer a large quantity of growth to a drop of water on the slide.

8. Which of the following is a differential stain?

a. simple stain

b. Gram stain

9. Microorganisms are commonly found in soil, surfaces, and dust, but not on living surfaces like skin.

a. true

b. false

c. negative stain

d. All are differential stains.

10. The mordant in a Gram stain is

a. crystal violet.

b. Gram’s iodine.

c. ethanol.

d. water

11. If you correctly stain a mixture of Gram-positive rods and Gram-positive cocci, you would expect to see

a. purple rods and pink cocci.

b. pink rods and purple cocci.

c. purple rods and purple cocci.

d. pink rods and pink cocci.

12. Draw and label the three most common bacterial shapes.

13. Draw and label cocci growing as diplococci, tetrads, streptococci, and staphylococci.

Please correct my grammar's mistakes :)

Please correct my grammar's mistakes, thanks!

I chose to interview Dinh, who is an active, assertive person and a business major at ACC. Although he is not a math and science major, he has already taken a lot of different science and math classes. These classes include algebra, general chemistry one and two, general physics one and two, and geometry, etc. Right now, he is taking statistics and investments. Dinh told me that he likes business world, where he has a chance to meet and communicate with different kinds of people and where winners and losers are determined every day. He thinks that the harshness and competition in the business world will make him progress every day to perfect himself in life and he enjoys that. Dinh is open and friendly in my view. He is not a close friend, but he was willing to help me when I invited him to my interview for math’s real world examples. He seemed very excited for the interview, and he said that he is confident in his abilities to answer my questions. Dinh likes real world’s examples and so he says that he can start to answer questions now.

Before conducting the interview, I told Dinh that he will be a main character of the interview and my job is just asking him questions and no more than that. The purpose of the interview discovers and knows about his thinking and thought process when he answers questions. Therefore, he has a right to express his thoughts, whatever he thinks that describes correct answers to questions; feel free to share his ideas and don’t be shy to explain questions.