1.Carry out library search to find out if the bacteria and yeast form alcohol in the absence of oxygen or they possess a metabolic pathway that does not involve oxygen. Write down your findings

2. What would happen if the first enzyme in glycolysis is irreversible inhibited by a toxic substance?
PLEASE HELP ME ALL QUESTIONS

Compare and contrast the auxin and gibberellins signal chains for gene derepression.

Because electron transport is coupled to ADP phosphorylation, it is theoretically possible to drive electron backwards in the chain, against the potential gradient, at the expense of ATP. This mechanism has been observed in some organisms. Consider a bacterium at 25 C that can transfer electrons from succinate to NAD+ by means of the transport

Succinate + NAD+ = Fumerate + NADH + H+

If the intracellular concentration of phosphate is constant at 10 mM, calculate the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio that would be required to maintain the steady-state ratio of [NADH]/[succinate] = 0.010. Assume that the intracellular concentrations of fumerate and NAD+ are equal.

Explain how the logistic model of population growth has both positive and negative feedback mechanisms.

Normal fertilization requires changes in the membrane organization of both sperm and oocyte and penetration of the oocyte by a single spermatozoon.

a. What physical, cellular and biochemical molecular processes are necessary for the succesful passage of a spem from the outermost portion of the cumulus oophorus to the oocyte membrane?

b. How does the human sperm nucleus move in the cytoplasm and why does it facilitate the juxtaposition of the material and paternal pronuclei?

1-Taxonomy & systematics reflect phylogeny.’ Please explain this statement

2-What is non-random mating? Why would it be an important thing for conservation biologists to keep track of in a population?

3-What are 5 lines of evidence in support of evolution? Define and give an example of each.

4-Define and give an example for each of the following types of natural selection: directional selection, stabilizing selection, disruptive selection, balancing selection.  

5-What are respiratory pigments? In general, what makes them good at delivering gases from one place in the body to another?

6-Why is human blood red while the blood of some insects is blue?

7-Why is the oxygen-hemoglobin curve sigmoidal (s-shaped) rather than a straight line?

8-What parts of your body have chemoreceptors for detecting changes in breathing rate? What cues do those chemoreceptors pick up? Would the brain react first to an increase in pH or to a decrease in oxygen levels in the blood?

9-How does an increase in CO₂ affect pH (hydrogen ion concentration) of the blood? How does an increase in anaerobic respiration affect pH in the blood?

An ecologist is studying a population of beetles and determines N=2000. During same time (that the population is N=2000), he also records 200 births and 120 deaths in the population over a one month period. Using this information, answer these questions.

a) Estimate r, the per capita growth rate in months and use it in the continuous model of population growth to estimate population size in 8 months.

b) Given the same per capita growth rate as above, how much time will it take the population to double?

c) Assume K for this population is 8000 (and N=2000), is the population growth rate increasing or decreasing?

d) Given that K = 8000, what is the population growth rate when N=2000?

e) What is r in time units of years?

Which of the following is required for nerve impulse conduction and is found in foods such as bananas, avocados, apricots, and potatoes?

Question 26 options:

A severe deficiency of vitamin A may result in:

Question 29 options:

In _____, too much adrenocorticotropic hormone is produced.

Question 45 options:

Physical reactions to a stressor include:

Question 57 options:

1 Examine the Afropithecus head skull, sketch/label and describe. note key features including dentition-describe form and function.

2 Choose one of the modern african apes(extant) to sketch/label and describe. Note key features of the skull, including dentition-describe form and function, diet, habitat, and any notable adaptations of species. Consider the ecology, i.e. how is the species interacting with other species and the environment.

a.Bonobo skull

b.Lowland Gorilla skull

c.Mountain Gorlla skull

1. Describe how the 43 S preinitiation complex forms for Eukaryotic protein synthesis.

2. How might the fact that mature mRNA having 3' poly A tails be used to isolate mature mRNA form eukaryotic genes.

3. The base analog 5-bromouracil is a thymine analog that causes transition mutations because it can easily interconvert between the keto and enol forms. Draw the base pair for 5-bromouracil and adenosine (keto) and 5-bromouracil and Guanosine (enol).

An ecologist catches 25 leopard frogs one night in a pothole marsh. These are marked with a color dye and released. Three days later a second trapping period is conducted – 10 leopard frogs are caught without a mark and 12 are caught that carry a mark.

a) Using the Lincoln-Petersen Index, what is the estimate of population size for the leopard frog population?

b) Suppose some of the frogs caught the first period do not disperse from the release site before the second period, and therefore are easier to capture than unmarked frogs. What effect will this have on the population estimate?

Suppose that the mark gradually washes off over time, so that some marks are gone in three days. What effect will this have on the population estimate?

can you explain why the struggle among organisms in nature should not be left to apply in the same manner to human cultures?

Provide a brief description/explanation about the following:

A) The cortical reaction up to blastulation

B) Direct exchange with the environment vs indirect (systemic) change

C) Communication of neurons with other cells

which of the following is not related to genetic drift?

neutral variation

sexual selection

non darwinian evolution

bottleneck effect

founder effect