please answer all the questions for microbiology :
1. Be able to draw and/or identify general bacterial cell shapes and cell organizations

2. Know how to do a streak for isolation, and a spread plate and why you would do each

3. how to do a Gram stain, Endospore stain and acid fast stain and why you would do each.

4. Know the tools of the microbiologist and what they are used for

5. Be able to explain the results of the hand-wash experiment

6. Be able to identify and describe the results of the antiseptics/disinfectants, antibiotics experiment and interpret the results

7. Know what aseptic technique is and how to exhibit aseptic technique

Why are beta-blockers contraindicated in the treatment of a pheochromocytoma?

life requires energy to exist, but is not able to produce energy. explain this apparent contradiction

Describe how natural selection is the process of evolution.

explain how works 1. Electric forces in biomolecules DNA and protein. 2. Electric potential and hearth dynamics.

When the organism has been starving for many days and it has started degrading its own proteins, does it use the UPS for that? Explain

Pick one component of fibrous connective tissue and explain its function/importance.

For each of the E. coli strains below, indicate whether β-galactosidase and permease expression are inducible, constitutive, or not expressed. Assume that no glucose is available to the cells. β-galactosidase Permease I+ P— O+ Z+ Y— I+ P+ Oc Z+ Y— I+ P+ OC Z+ Y— /I—P+ O+ Z— Y+ IS P+ OC Z— Y+ /I+P+ O+ Z+ Y—

Q41.

How do you accelerate the reaction in living systems and would it affect equilibrium? How is the reaction specificity achieved? Based on your reading how are they classified and identified?

1. Pyruvate oxidation yields one molecule of _____ , and one molecule of ________ , which is exhaled.

2. How many molecules of CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2 does the citric acid cycle yield for each acetyl CoA molecule oxidized?
   1. CO2            

2. ATP       

3. NADH    

4. FADH2    

3. Identify the two molecules that provide the electron transport chain with high energy electrons._______ and _______.

4. The chemiosmotic flow of H+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane goes through an enzyme called                                                                          .

5. List aerobic stages of cellular respiration:                                                                                  

6. As a result of fermentation, animal cells produce _________ acid.

7. Define oxidation and reduction.

What would happen to the O₂-binding curve of hemoglobin when BPG is removed from its environment?

Why do B-catenin levels stay about the same instead of an increase in an EMT (Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition). What is your explanation and what simple experiment can you suggest that would demonstrate your explanation?

Hydrogen bonds can form with bases on the opposite DNA strands in the double helix, or between the bases and H2O in the single stranded conformation. Considering that the double helix is the most stable conformation in water, how does this observation support the conclusion that base stacking contributes more to helix stability than interbase hydrogen bonding?Hydrogen bonds can form with bases on the opposite DNA strands in the double helix, or between the bases and H2O in the single stranded conformation. Considering that the double helix is the most stable conformation in water, how does this observation support the conclusion that base stacking contributes more to helix stability than interbase hydrogen bonding?