Question

(unicellular vs metazoan), use no more than a few short sentences to speculate why one organism might encode the protein and another may not. Your reasoning should include reference to the type of protein and how it works in general terms.

Answer 1

The unicellular organisms basically classified into prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In case of bacteria the nucleus was completely absent but the replication and translation process were combined together. so there is no need of complexity. The genome is under control of one replication of origin i.e. the replication of DNA and translation for proteins synthesis takes place simultaneously and again no complexity. The organism is depend on these proteins and DNA for different purposes like fission, energy production etc.

If we think about Eukaryotes there is separate boundary for DNA and protein synthesis Nucleus and rest of cytoplasm with organelles. The complexity increases because of functional variations and functions occur at different times. So the whole genome replication is not needed every time and there are separate Origin of replications for segments of DNA (genes). Along with these there are non-functional DNA segments (introns functionally they won’t give proteins). To eliminate them there is a separate process after mRNA synthesis called post transcriptional modifications. After this protein synthesis takes place at cytoplasm. There is one more check point called post translation modification where protein modification (functional diversity) allocated. To adapt the changing environment, stress, reproduce and for any functions there is a wide diversity if we compare prokaryotes and eukaryotes.