2. Draw a molecule of DNA in the proper configuration. Include two base-pairs (show one of each nucleotide type). You can substitute squares for the nitrogenous bases but the rest of the nucleotides must be represented correctly (leave off the hydrogens). LABEL all 3’ and 5’ ends, show correct basepairing, indicate hydrogen bonds by dashed lines and number the carbons on the sugar of one nucleotide.

3. Describe why one DNA strand of a replication fork has to be replicated in small sections and in an opposite direction of the movement of helicase.

4. Briefly Summarize the process of gene expression (from DNA to Protein). Include the major players and major steps (also include aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase).

How do oxygen, temperature, pH, and water determine where you might find a specific species of bacteria

Exlpain the following:

(a) Most genetic disorders that detrimentally affect survival or fertility are caused by recessive mutations. Discuss the reasons for this, in terms of both gene function and natural selection.

(b) However, there are some genetic disorders caused by dominant mutations. In light of your answers to part (a), how do these deleterious dominant mutations persist in a population?

The temperatures in our study were probably lower than those the caterpillars normally
experience in their normal summer growing season. Predict how each efficiency
(deal with each separately) might have changed if the temperature had been higher
and give reasons for your predictions. (Remember that the caterpillars are
ectothermic).

Explain the differences of temperature on Assimilation, Consumption, Production, and Trophic Level Transfer Efficiency among tobacco hornworm larva.

If an individual was XXYY, what would be their apparent sex?

Select one: a. Female b. Intersex c. Male

If an individual was XXYY, how many active sex chromosomes would they have?

Select one: a. four b. three c. one d. two

Compare and contrast the positioning of vertebrate limb digits with the positioning of organs on the plant shoot meristem. Which features are similar, and which differ?

This question has two parts: Catalase test Questions and Oxidase test Questions:

What can you learn about a microbe by doing the catalase test?How do you conduct the catalase test? What does a positive catalase test look like and what does a negative test look like?

Oxidase test Questions:

What can you learn about a microbe by doing the oxidase test and how do you conduct the oxidase test?What does a positive oxidase test look like and what does a negative oxidase test look like?

Darwin used observations of homology from comparative embryology to support his hypothesis of “descent with modification.” Which of the following observations about the role of Hox genes in the development of insects and mammals are consistent with Darwin’s hypothesis?

Select all that apply. (Note that all of these statements are true, but not all of them offer support for his perspective. You’ll need to apply what you know both about Hox genes and the idea of descent with modification, to sort through them.)

A. Hox genes exist in all known animal taxa

B. Numerous duplications of Hox genes have resulted in subfunctionalization in different organisms

C. In mice, Hox genes are expressed in anterior-posterior patterns

D. Limb development in bilaterian animals is driven by Hox genes (although the exact genes may differ among these animals)

Evaluate the following test results using acute and convalescent titers for antibodies to Dengue virus:

8. Mary B: Acute IgM = 2; Convalescent IgM = 256

Does Mary have a current Dengue infection? Why or why not?

9. Tom A: Acute IgG = 64; Convalescent IgG = 256

Does Tom have a current Dengue infection? Why or why not?

10. Sylvia P: Acute IgM = 4; Convalescent IgM = 8

Does Sylvia have a current Dengue infection? Why or why not?

1. BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THE 6 (EXCLUDE TOXINS) BACTERIAL STRATEGIES FOR EVADING HOST IMMUNITY.

Positive and Negative Control Questions:

Please complete the following table to describe which bacterial species should be used as positive and negative controls for each test. The table at the bottom of this page will help you complete this task. Thenexplains about

What can you learn about a microbe by doing the Phenol Red test, how do you conduct the Phenol Red test?

What does a positive Phenol Red test look like? (mention acid formation and gas formation)

What does a negative Phenol Red test look like?(mention acid formation and gas formation)

The table below describes the cultures we will have available to use as positive and negative controls.

Differentiate genome reduction from horizontal gene transfer. Specifically in bacteria.

caudal most branchial adductor muscle innervation

How might variants affect athletic ability?

Which of the following statements about chloroplasts is true?

Group of answer choices

The stacks of interconnected sacs within the chloroplast are known as stroma; this is where the light-collecting for photosynthesis occurs.

The stacks of interconnected sacs within the chloroplast are known as thylakoids; the light-collecting for photosynthesis occurs here.

Chloroplasts are found in eukaryotic cells, therefore they contain linear DNA.

The DNA of the chloroplast is found within the thylakoid sacs.

The chloroplast has one single membrane layer due to its small size.