Describe an F+ bacterial cell and explain it's role in genetic diversity.

4) How did the development of agriculture impact the transmission of infectious disease?

Explain the physiological mechanisms involved in blood glucose concentration regulation trying to prevent hypoglycemia which is especially dangerous for brain function.

QUESTION 1

Most of the water and inorganic ions are absorbed by the:

QUESTION 2

In order to transport __________ into the bloodstream from the small intestine, a ________ is established in the epithelial cells lining the small intestine.

What types of support services should hospitals provide to assist couples who have experienced a loss of pregnancy? What should the role of the nurse be in establishing these services and supporting the affected couples?

1a.

A spliceosome will be found in

1b.

Which type of RNA is found only in eukaryotes?

Many of the color varieties of summer squash are determined by sev eral interacting loci: Wildtype squash are white, a recessive allele, a, causes yellow squash, while another recessive allele b, causes green squash.

a) How would you test if these alleles are mutations in the same gene? And what result would you expect if they are not in the same gene.

b) You do a cross to determine the relationship between genes A and genes B. You find B is epistatic to A. What cross did you perform? What was the result finding that led you to this conclusion?

Which example provides evidence of migration, but NOT of gene flow? After fledging, a male toucan disperses to another forest patch on the other side of a mountain range. This high-quality male finds mates easily in this new population. All of its offspring survive to breed in the next year in the same forest patch. A bearcat eats the fruit of a strangler fig tree and defecates seeds 10 km away among a different population of strangler figs. A hiker gets mustard seeds stuck in their shoe. They travel across the country and hike a different trail unintentionally dispersing mustard seeds into the current population of mustard plants. These seeds develop into plants that then contribute to the next generation. A couple of snakes from the mainland are swept away by a storm and carried to a nearby island. On the island, these snakes breed with the same species and produce viable offspring.

As part of a study, 10 mg of epinephrine was injected into the bloodstream of 10 resting, fasted adults. 10 minutes later, blood glucose levels of the subjects were measured. Here were the results: Subject Sex Age Blood Glucose (mg/dL) F=Female M=male

Subject-sex -age -Blood Glucose (mg/dL0

1) F 25 197

2)F 36 175

3) F 61 231

4) F 54 217

5) F 39 205

6) M 43 251

7) M 46 234

8) M 31 181

9) M 51 197

10) M 37 161

10. Did the individuals over 40 have a significantly different glucose level after epinephrine injection than the individuals under 40?

b. Generate three ligation reactions with 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 molar ratios of the insert and the vector DNA. Your ligation should include all components in a 30 µL reaction. Keep the vector amount fixed at 60 ng per ligation reaction. You are provided with 10 x ligase buffer and DNA ligase (0.5 U/µL) to set up your ligations.

Why do phototropic sporangiophores avoid solid objects?

What is the basic monomeric unit of a protein? How many different units are there? How are they similar and how are they different?

List and explain the 3 mechanisms that are related with activation of a protooncogene into an oncogene.

b. Discuss the importance of oncogenes in tumorigenesis.