Some scientists are concerned that genetic engineering allows humans to tamper with evolution. Discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages of recombinant DNA technology.

QUESTION 57 Imagine a community with a biodiversity of 25 species. One species is hunted to extinction by humans, after which the community is protected from any human intervention. However, a year later, you find that biodiversity is down to 5 species. What does this tell you about the species that went extinct due to hunting? It must have been a producer. It was a virulent pathogen. It was a weak competitor. It may have been a keystone species. It must have been a predator. 1 points

QUESTION 58 In plants, the _______________ are female structures. archegonia and ovule antheridia pollen grains stamens stamen and pollen antheridia and archegonia 1 points QUESTION 59 Which of the following was not one of the observations or inferences that Darwin made relating to his theory of evolution by natural selection? Traits are inherited by offspring if the traits are heritable. Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. All species are capable of reproducing more offspring than the environment can support. Traits that an individual develops during their lifetime are inherited by their offspring. The traits within a population vary. 1 points

QUESTION 60 Which plant tissues are diploid? microspores megaspores gametophyte zygote

Note several ways that cytokines regulate the immune response, with particular emphasis on mechanisms to slow down or limit the immune response. In your answer, discuss why you think these control features are important and describe a potential therapeutic application of one of the control mechanisms, including possible applications of this potential therapeutic treatment.

Which of the following ratios is a 9:3:3:1 ratio? (Please show your work)

a. 682:37:50:199

b. 543:178:189:58

c. 552:174:180:62

d. 557:164:162:85

e. 542:184:177:65

f. 539:187:182:60

1. Which plant group(s) require water for fertilization?

   		nonvascular only
   		seedless vascular only
   		nonvascular and seedless vascular
   		all plants require water for successful fertilization

1 points   

QUESTION 79

1. The shared, derived traits of all seed plants include all of the following except:

   		ovules
   		reduced gametophytes
   		seeds
   		flowers
   		pollen

1 points   

QUESTION 80

1. Which of the following is a trait shared by prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but not by viruses?

   		nucleic acids used to store hereditary information
   		the capacity to evolve
   		the ability to process energy through metabolic reactions
   		complex and ordered arrangements of macromolecules

1 points   

QUESTION 81

1. A fish swimming into an estuary from a river would have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?

   		temperature change
   		change in water velocity
   		change in oxygen content of the water
   		change in salinity

What are the pros and cons of inpatient treatment centers? Provide at least two pros and two cons with rationale in your response.

How do developmental differences affect the care of a child with cancer? Facing the end of life? Compare and contrast toddler & Teenager according to the 2 questions

1) What is the mechanism responsible for the pumping process ?

2) Explain how a filter feeding lifestyle contributes to phenomena such as Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP?

3) What roles can filter feeding bivalves play in the field of ecotoxicology ?

1. Mutations within a DNA sequence _____________.

Choose all that apply * are natural processes

always affect the phenotype. are unnatural processes.

decreases genetic diversity.

increases genetic diversity. never affect phenotype.

2.

A process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully best describes: *

acquired characteristics

the bottleneck effect

natural selection

mutations

3.

A biologist analyzes the DNA sequences in three different lizards. The biologist finds that lizards A and B have nearly identical DNA sequences. The DNA sequences in lizard C are significantly different from those of lizard A. From this information, the biologist may infer that : *

Lizards A and B are more closely related to each other than either is to Lizard C.

All three lizards appeared on Earth at about the same time.

Either lizard A or lizard B must be a direct ancestor of lizard C.

Lizard C must have been the ancestor of both lizard A and lizard B.

4.

Light peppered moths were more common in England than dark peppered moths. When factories started to produce pollution in the area, the bark on the trees were stained black. What is the likely outcome from this event? *

The white moths would reproduce more so they don't go extinct.

The white moths would most likely decrease in numbers because they are easier to be seen and caught by birds

The dark moths would decrease in numbers because their homes changed colors.

There would be no change in the moth populations.

5.

Which of these BEST illustrates Natural Selection? *

An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully.

A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate.

A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes.

The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities.

6.

When individuals in one population are unable to breed with individuals in a different population due to geographic isolation, this may lead to: *

speciation

gene flow

bad luck

mutations

7.During their early stages of development, the embryos of reptiles, birds, and mammals look very similar. This suggests that reptiles, birds, and mammals... *

have a common ancestor.

live in the same types of environments.

are no longer undergoing evolution.

have lost their vestigial structures.

8.Possible sources of genetic variation in a gene pool are: Choose all that apply. *

asexual reproduction

sexual reproduction

spontaneous generation

mutation

death

9.Which of the following statements are part of Darwin's theory of Natural Selection? Choose all that apply. *

more individuals are produced than can survive

there is genetic variation among individuals within a population

individuals within a population must compete for resources

individuals protect the weak within a population

10.Different species of frogs mate at different times of the year. This separation, which has caused them to remain separate species is an example of *

Geographic isolation

Genetic isolation

Temporal isolation

Behavioral isolation

11.How does Natural Selection determine which genetic traits are passed on to the next generation? *

Better adapted organisms tend to produce more offspring than "less fit" organisms.

Better adapted organisms tend to have no advantage over "less fit" orgaonisms.

Better adapted orgaisns tend to kill "less fit" organisms.

Better adapted organisms tend to take resources from 'less fit" organisms.

Evolution can best be described as *

a process of change over time.

the formation of fossils.

a process of growth in an organism.

the change in size of body structures through use and disuse

Researchers have described the “binary patterning” of polar and nonpolar amino acids in the sequences of proteins. In their code, polar and charged residues like D, N, E, Q, K, H, and R are represented as open circles (○) and nonpolar residues like F, L, I, M, and V as closed circles (●). Thus, a polypeptide with the sequence asp-ile-his-phe-gln would be represented as ○●○●○. Researchers analyzed the binary patterns of isolated secondary structure elements (short pieces) from native proteins. A sequence with the pattern ○●●○○●●○○●●○ forms an amphipathic alpha helix that has a nonpolar face and a polar face. A sequence with the pattern ○●○●○● forms an amphipathic beta strand. Explain these observations by discussing the structures of helices and sheets.

Think of a toy model of a dimeric receptor binding with a divalent ligand. The K_Ds for binding between a two-armed compound LL1 (this is the ligand) and individual receptors R1 and R2 are:

R1 … 7.9 nM             R2 … 50.1 nM

Now think of a protein R1-R2, which is a protein comprised of both R1 and R2. At a temperature 300K, if there is no loss of energy/entropy to induce conformational changes of the protein and ligand during the binding, what is the expected K_D between LL1 and R1-R2 and corresponding deltaG?

explain how the production of cement products is contributing to the problem of global warming.

Suppose that the incidence of all types of cancer remains constant in a given country. However, thanks to new treatments, the survival of cancer patients increases. What do you expect to happen to the prevalence of cancer in that country?

Select one:

A. decrease

B. cannot be determined

C. duplicate

D. increase

E. remain constant

As technology increases, the fuel efficiency of cars and trucks also increases. However, even though modern automobiles pollute less than older models, the overall rate of pollution due to cars and trucks has increased. How can this apparent contradiction occur? Think about things such as the number of miles driven, and the average number of drivers and cars on the road.