What is metabolic water? What are for ways (anatomical, physiological or behavioral) animals in dry environments conserve water?

What are for ways (anatomical or physiological) plants in dry environments conserve water?

Why is a retrovirus like HIV almost invariably capable of evading the host's immune system when many other pathogens are not?

Shown following is the first 30 amino acid (one-letter code) region of this putative amino acid sequence for p18:

¹YFNPS     ^6TSDWPT    ¹¹LAPAN    ¹⁶YTFLF    ²¹FLARY    ²⁶WYINL³⁰

A) Based on the partial amino acid sequence provided, do you think that it is more likely that this region of p18 associates with a cellular membrane or is exposed to the cytosol?

B) Why or why not?  

C) Describe how you would experimentally demonstrate if p18 was associated with the membrane or the cytosol.

Describe a way a drug might affect synaptic transmission.

Describe the role of vesicles in the transport process between the nucleus, endoplasmic reticula, and the golgi apparatus.

Foodborne epidemiologists at the local health department investigated an outbreak of food poisoning at a Cinco de Mayo potluck dinner. Initially the epidemiologists determined that nachos were the cause of the outbreak. However, upon closer review lettuce was determined to be the true cause of the outbreak.

6a. In this example, would you expect lettuce to act as a positive or negative confounder on the relationship between nachos and food poisoning? Explain your answer.

6b. Assume that you want to analyze the association between nachos and food poisoning. Provide a method to control for the confounder lettuce in the design of your study. Please be specific.

Please explain clear and different to the answers that are already in other websites. Thank you

1. An interesting mutation in lacI results in repressors with 110-fold increased binding to both operator and nonoperator DNA. These repressors display a “reverse” induction curve, allowing β-galactosidase synthesis in the absence of an inducer (IPTG) but partly repressing β-galactosidase expression in the presence of IPTG. How can you explain this? (Note that, when IPTG binds a re- pressor, it does not completely destroy operator affinity, but rather it reduces affinity 110-fold. Additionally, as cells divide and new operators are generated by the synthesis of daughter strands, the repressor must find the new operators by searching along the DNA, rapidly binding to nonoperator sequences and dissociating from them.)

2. Certain lacI mutations eliminate operator binding by the Lac repressor but do not affect the aggregation of subunits to make a tetramer, the active form of the re- pressor. These mutations are partly dominant over wild type. Can you explain the partly dominant I− pheno- type of the I−/I+ heterodiploids?

3. You are examining the regulation of the lactose operon in the bacterium Escherichia coli. You isolate seven new inde- pendent mutant strains that lack the products of all three structural genes. You suspect that some of these muta- tions are lacIS mutations and that other mutations are al- terations that prevent the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region. Using whatever haploid and partial diploid genotypes that you think are necessary, describe a set of genotypes that will permit you to distinguish be- tween the lacI and lacP classes of uninducible mutations.

A study is conducted on 8,000 individuals free of diabetes and 8,000 individuals with diabetes. The investigators are looking to determine if a newly marketed drug may prevent diabetes. Among patients with diabetes, 1,000 individuals received the new drug. Among patients without diabetes, 2,000 individuals received the drug.

4a. Construct a 2 by 2 table displaying the combination of diabetics/non-diabetics who are exposed/not exposed.

4b. Calculate an odds ratio and provide an interpretation

4c. Calculate the relative risk and provide an interpretation.

4d. If the number of non-diabetic patients was increased to 800,000, would you expect the answers in 2b and 2c to be more or less similar to each other? Explain why.

1. In the absence of folate-fortified foods, is it possible that mutations in the pathway of folate synthesis could cause Spina Bifida?

2. What are the possible advantages or disadvantages to the organism or its offsrping resulting from DNA modification by environmental factor?

Tom was recently diagnosed with a tumor in the posterior aspect of his spinal cord at the level of C6 that has resulted in a C5 incomplete spinal cord injury with changes in sensation. Based on the location of the tumor: 1. What ascending spinal tract(s) have been affected? 2. What types of sensation have been affected and what types remained intact? (i.e. temperature, pain, proprioception, etc.) 3. Where on Tom’s body will the sensory deficits be present? Use specific dermatomes. After Tom undergoes surgery to remove the tumor, he presents to inpatient rehabilitation to begin therapy. 1. Given the sensory changes you discussed above, what activities would be difficult for Tom to perform? (i.e. ADLs, functional mobility…) 2. If you were Tom’s occupational therapist, what interventions would you recommend to help with his recovery

what are the aspects of visual impairment and blindness?