For ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation, the P/O ratios of NADH and FADH2 are ~2.5 and ~1.5, respectively. Explain how mitochondrial electron transport, ATP synthase, and other membrane processes account for these numbers?

List and describe the derived traits of plants.

Quantification of DNA Using Agarose Gels

Directions: Please answer the following questions in complete sentences.

What problems might arise if the agarose wasn't dissolved/melted completely or if there were air bubbles in the gel?

Why did your DNA samples need to be mixed with a loading dye prior to loading the samples into the gel? Give 2 reasons.

What causes the DNA to travel through the gel?

Draw a sketch of what your gel would have looked like (after 5 minutes) if you reversed the positive and negative leads and placed the positive lead closest to the wells. Label the positive and negative leads, the wells, and the DNA.

Why do smaller DNA fragments travel further down the gel?

1.What is a Great evolutionary transformation?

2. Why is the evolution of whales puzzling?

3. What was Darwin's hypothesis about whale evolution?

Flowers are sometimes referred to as ‘pets of the plant world’. Explain this statement. How did alliance with humankind affect the evolution of plants cultivated for their flowers?

Use a flow chart or draw a picture to describe how fusion peptides works. Using HIV as an example, describe the proteins involved and where the process occurs. Be sure to identify what "trigger" HIV senses that initiates membrane fusion.

Advances in genetic technology like genetic and genomic testing and gene editing are transforming human biological sciences, but are creating new ethical dilemmas. Here, we address the implications of direct-to-consumer genetic testing.

**Note--link to NPR story below is now functional
FDA Approves Marketing of Consumer Genetic Tests (NPR, 4/7/17) (Links to an external site https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/04/07/522897473/fda-approves-marketing-of-consumer-genetic-tests-for-some-conditions

I had My DNA Picture Taken, With Varying Results (New York Times, 12/30/13) (Links to an external site. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/31/science/i-had-my-dna-picture-taken-with-varying-results.html

Read the two articles (links below) and then address the following questions in your post.

Would you be interested in having such a genetic test done? Why or why not? If you have had a consumer DNA test done and would like to share your experiences, you are welcome to do so.

Would you want to know if you were destined to contract an incurable degenerative disease such as Huntington's disease or Alzheimer's later in life? Would the results of such a test cause you to alter your lifestyle?

What concerns (with regard to ethics, privacy, etc.) might arise with the widespread use of such tests?

Given the half of the DNA strand: 5'-GTTAGCCGTCTAATATGGTGAGATGTTATAACCCGCAGTTTACAACTTCAA-3' 1.At what part is of the peptide is where Arg located? At what part of the peptide is where the stop codon located? Where is the 5th cytosine located at the RNA strand? Where is the 6th uracil located at the RNA strand? How many Leu amino acids are transcribed? How many Pro amino acids are translated? What is the 7th amino acid translated? What is the 7th amino acid translated?

What are the properties of water that results in cohesion or adhesion?

Describe how the water potential in the gas phase of the air surrounding a plant influences xylem transport. What is the primary means by which a plant can control this interaction?

Your Crop Domestication - Tea

Your goal is to explain the history of your plant's domestication by humans (specific questions to address below). Using your book and any other reputable sources (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.,

Questions to Address:

1. Where did the wild type ancestor of your crop originate?

2. Where did crop domestication first take place? Note: This may or may not be the same place as #1.

3. How do the wild type ancestor plant and the modern plant differ from one another? Specific trait(s)!

4. How, where, and when did the domesticated plant travel from its original domestication place?

"How does the form of a protein impact protein function? Be able to make a reasonable answer if given the shape of a protein and asked to determine a potential function." a question from my functional bio review that I am having a hard time answering.