Define convergent evolution and give an example. Why is convergent evolution often tricky for phylogenies?

Please Show work for full credit

Fruit flies that breed true for normal wings, grey bodies and red eyes are crossed with flies that breed true for vestigial wings, black bodies and brown eyes.

All the resulting offspring have normal wings and grey bodies and red eyes. The offspring are then crossed with flies with vestigial wings, black bodies, and brown eyes.

The resulting offspring occur:

5 normal winged, black bodies, brown eyes

75 normal winged, black bodies, red eyes

343 vestigial winged, black bodies, red eyes

73 vestigial winged, grey bodies, brown eyes

6 vestigial winged, grey bodies, red eyes

77 normal winged, grey bodies, red eyes

68 vestigial winged, black flies, brown eyes

322 normal winged, grey bodies, brown eyes

A.Are all the genes in cis or trans configuration?

B.What is the order of the three genes?

C.How far apart are the genes for wing type and body color?

D.How far apart are the genes for wing type and eye color?

E.How far apart are the genes for body color and eye color?

1. Meat, eggs, and dairy are good sources of protein. When you eat these foods, proteins are digested and absorbed. Follow a protein through the digestion process from the mouth through to the intestines. What enzymes are involved in its digestion? What is the smallest unit that proteins are broken down into? Where are these products absorbed?

2. What are a few things proteins are used for in the body once they’ve been absorbed?

3. Once in the body, amino acids are absorbed by our cells and enter the amino acid pool. From here, a cell will draw from the pool to assemble the proteins it needs at that specific time. What will happen if one or more of the essential amino acids are missing?

4. Describe (in your own words) the four structural levels of a protein.

5. What is the relationship between a protein’s structure and its function? Explain how amino acids side chains impact protein structure and function.

6. DNA guides protein assembly. When there is a mutation in our DNA, the impact on the protein can vary. Explain why some mutations can cause no change to the protein and some can completely disrupt the function of the protein.

7. Your body prefers not to use proteins for energy, but it will as a last resort. Explain how amino acids are broken down to generate ATP in this scenario.

8. What happens to the nitrogen portion of the amino acid?

9. Your doctor measures your nitrogen balance and finds it is negative. What does this mean about how your body is using protein? How can you balance out your nitrogen levels?

10. If you decided to become a vegetarian or vegan, how would you ensure you were eating adequate protein? Think about not just the amount, but also the essential amino acids.

11. The RDA for protein is listed below. Calculate your own personal protein requirements and show your work for full credit. You will need to convert your weight to kg. There are 2.2 lbs in 1 kg.

Ex: a 50 kg adult would need 50 kg*0.8 g/kg = 40 g protein per day

i NEED TO FIND AN ARTICLE ABOUT USING OF ENERGY IN SUCH AS WORKING, EXERCISE, OR BEING SEDENTRY THEN SUMMERIZE IT

please help me to find an article and summarize it t( the using of energy such as working, being sedentary etc)

Please find an article in the news related specifically to the use of energy (working, exercise, being sedentary, etc.) and summarize it in your own words for the class! Include the name of the article and the source it came from.

i know i post the same before but because it is shown for everybody one of my classmate steal it and post it before i do.. i want the answer hidden please. and dont forget the source of the article please

Enterobacteriacea is part of which sub group of proteobacteria?

Antinemotodal compounds can be extracted from

A 10^-4 is performed on a culture of bacteria in order to perform viable plate counts. From the dilution, *0.1 mL* of solution is plated on solid media, and 37 colony forming units grow on the plate.

How many bacteria are in a single mL of the original culture? Express your answer to two decimal places using exponential notation. In exponential notation 540 would be written as 5.E2. Please use an upper-case letter E.

• Since only 0.1 mL is put on the plate, this counts as an extra dilution!!!
• Any time less than 1 mL is transferred, a dilution is being performed.
• Any time more than 1 mL is transferred, a concentration is being performed.

How can the environment affect gene expression? More specifically, what is it that the environment doing to change gene expression?

Subphylum Myriapoda

List two derived characteristic for this subphylum.

List two differences between class Diplopoda and class Chilopoda

During a sunny vacation abroad you put your foot into your shoe and feel something within. Would you prefer it to be from class Chilopoda or class Diplopoda? Why?

1. Which of the statements below accurately reflects the assumptions of the competitive exclusion principle?

A.The competitive exclusion principle assumes that the competitors have the exact same resource requirements and that environmental conditions may be variable.

B. The competitive exclusion principle assumes that competitors have different resource requirements and that environmental conditions remain constant.

C. The competitive exclusion principle assumes that the competitors have the exact same resource requirements and that environmental conditions remain constant.

D. The competitive exclusion principle assumes that the competitors have resource partitioning and that environmental conditions remain constant.

E. The competitive exclusion principle makes no assumptions about the competitors.

2. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Germination rates vary among species, but these differences do not translate into differences in competitive ability.

B. Temperature, humidity, and salinity have little effect on competition.

C. Plants with high growth rates under high light conditions tend to be overgrown quickly in newly opened habitat patches.

D. The outcome of competition can be influenced by factors other than limited resources.

D. Multiple species tend to perform their best under the exact same conditions.

3. What is a zero-growth isocline?

1. What are the latest developments HIV and AIDS?

2, What are the challenges of HIV and AIDS today?

3, What will the future look like for the visus HIV and AIDS ?

4. what are new development for HIV and AIDS

5. challenges in the war on AIDS from a science or people or society perspective.

6. What will the future of AIDS look like? Why do you think that

Study Designs - Part 1

INSTRUCTIONS: In working through these questions, take time in designing your study to consider how best to reduce confounding, various biases, and improve generalizability.

Randomized Trials

Imagine that you just read the following report:

Antioxidants Don’t Lessen Strokes for at-Risk Women

(From a nytimes.com article by Nicholas Bakalar, published 8/21/2007)

“Supplements of the antioxidants beta carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E may be good for you, but a new study reports that they have no effect, either alone or in combination, in preventing heart attack, stroke or death among women at risk for cardiovascular disease.”

Researchers randomly assigned more than 8,000 women to take regular doses of vitamin E, vitamin C, beta carotene, or placebos, and followed them for more than nine years. All the women, whose average age was 60, either had cardiovascular disease or were at high risk for it. During the nine years, 1,450 women had a heart attack, a stroke, or cardiac surgery, and there were 365 deaths from heart disease.

Women in the vitamin E group had a slight decrease in disease compared with the placebo group, but it was not statistically significant. Neither beta carotene, nor vitamin C had any statistically significant effect compared with placebo.

Combinations of the antioxidants had no effect either, except for a slight reduction in stroke among those taking both vitamins C and E together. The study appears in the Aug. 13 issue of The Archives of Internal Medicine.

“While the individual supplements may not decrease risk,” said Nancy R. Cook, the lead author and an associate professor of epidemiology at Harvard, “it does seem that diets high in fruits and vegetables that contain these antioxidants are helpful. It may be that we haven’t identified the particular nutrients or combinations of nutrients that might be beneficial.” “

1. Be an epidemiologic critic: What additional information would you want to know about this study before you believed the conclusions? Are there ways in which the study may not have been valid?

2. What recommendation(s) would you make to groups of women considering dietary supplements?

You are an epidemiologist concerned about the relation between toxic waste exposure and nervous system disorders. You decide to conduct a case-control study. Feel free to use your imagination and be creative!

Describe how you would:

Obtain your cases and controls.

Collect information on the outcome (nervous system disorders). For example, pre-existing records, self-reporting, direct measurements, surveys, etc.

Collect information on the exposure (to the toxic waste).

What are the advantages of using a case-control study to investigate this problem?

When writing a biology prac report, what is the difference between introduction and discussion ?