In the following breeding scheme, what is the probability of obtaining genotype RrYyTtss in the F2?

                        P          RRYYTTSS   x          rryyttss

                        F1        RrYyTtSs        x          RrYyTtSs

                        F2

Humans and chimpanzees share a chromosomal inversion that is not present in gorillas. Explain why this suggests that the evolutionary phenomenon known as reinforcement might have played a role in the divergence of the gorilla lineage from the lineage that led to humans and chimps.

Describe the carbon fixation reactions of photosynthesis. Be sure to mention the following: (a) the three major stages; (b) the name, quantity, and number of carbons for each intermediate; (d) role and quantity of ATP and NADPH; and (d) the number of turns needed to produce a single glucose molecule.

Distinguish among C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis and name plants that exemplify each process.

Are humans eusocial why or why not.

1. Enzymes lower activation energy which allows a reaction to occur at a faster rate. Why is it important, in terms of functionality, for enzymes to lower this activation energy? What happens when the physical environment in which the enzyme exists within is altered?

2.From a human perspective, cellular respiration is of an absolute importance in terms of how our bodies converts energy stored in glucose into ATP which our cells can use efficiently. What happens (to humans) when this process is not efficient and no longer functions within cells?

Why/how does the introduction of progesterone during the first 14 days of a (human female’s) cycle prevent pregnancy?

a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of morphological and molecular systematic?

b) why phylogenetic are important with regards to conservation efforts?

c) in term of conservation effort, what can scientist do to reduce the risk faced by species?

Mrs. Frances presented to the emergency department following a grand mal seizure. Her family reports that she has never had a seizure before, but over the past several months, she has complained of multiple headaches and has become more irritable. She has a CT scan of her head, which showed a large brain tumor in her frontal lobe with multiple small tumors in other areas of her brain. There is concern that she may have a grade IV glioblastoma multiforme. A neurosurgeon is called who explains that to treat this condition she will need surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. He also explains that these tumors are difficult to treat and the median survival time is approximately 1 year. Explain why this type of tumor is so difficult to treat.

Why does estrogen/estradiol decline mid-cycle (about day 14 of a typical human female cycle)?

Why is it important that the initiation of DNA replication is carefully regulated? What is the proposed role of DnaA in this process?

What extra proteins are necessary for lagging-strand synthesis that are not needed in leading-strand synthesis?

Replication in eukaryotes is similar to that of prokaryotes. However initiation is different. Describe how initiation of replication occurs and how it is tied to the cell cycle.

Explain in general terms how DNA replication can occur in a chromatin environment and how epigenetic marks associated with chromatin are conserved during replication.

What are the two general strategies for maintaining the very high degree of fidelity of DNA replication during replication itself?

Following the discovery of DNA polymerase I, what experimental evidence suggested that another enzyme is the primary enzyme of replication?

What are the features of DNA polymerase that ensure the right nucleotides are inserted?

Describe the mechanism of polymerization used by polymerases.

Visceral leishmaniasis has a very high case fatality rate but is difficult to diagnose: bone marrow biopsy, one of the best diagnostic methods, is expensive and is often associated with serious side effects. If you were developing a new diagnostic for this disease, would you be more interested in maximizing sensitivity or specificity? Also, assuming your new test is cheaper and less invasive than biopsy, would you advocate that it be used in conjunction with (ie simultaneously) or prior to (ie sequentially) the invasive diagnostic test? What factors would go into this decision?

One form of male sterility (Ms) in corn is maternally transmitted. Plants of a male sterile line crossed with normal pollen give male-sterile plants. In addition, some lines of corn are known to carry a dominant nuclear restorer allele (Rf-1) that restores pollen fertility in male sterile lines. Another dominant restorer (Rf-2) has been found on a different chromosome. Either or both of the restorer alleles will restore pollen fertility in male sterile lines.

A male-sterile plant is crossed with pollen from a plant homozygous for Rf-1. An F1 plant from this cross is used as the ovule donor, and crossed with pollen from a normal plant (rf-1/ rf-1). What phenotypes are produced by this cross?

the ANSWER is fetile females; 1/2 fertile males; 1/2 sterile males

I was just wondering if you could explain this answer? Thanks!