In your own words, briefly explain what the difference is between active and passive immunization. Incorporate the following terms in your answer: vaccine, antigen, attenuated, primary immune response, antibodies, serum, and immediate immunity.

locate one article either from the library or the Internet regarding an ethical issue in clinical research. Choose one of the clinical research roles described in the environment and state how this group would interact with others to handle the situation. Remember to provide references.

Describe the main procedures available for the micropropagation of plants, and discuss their application to potato production.

1. Examine/Compare Plant and Animal Cells.

2. Identify the organelles within each type of cell and explain their corresponding function(s).

3. Describe the structure and function of cell components, with emphasis on eukaryotes.

4. Discuss the evolutionary relationship of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

You are on a clinical rotation at a local hospital and are shadowing Nurses and hanging out at the nursing station. One of the nurses who had just came out of the restroom from his third or forth trip to the restroom collapsed at his desk. He has been looking very pale and has been losing weight. You run to get the attending physician. The physician took one look and said something that sounded like "see dif" to the nursing instructor. She said he has been taking antibiotics for a nasty sinus infection. You are asked to prepare a written report on his condition, but are afraid to ask what it is. Where do you look first? What is it? How is it spread? Why is it hard to kill? Who is most affected by it?

In your own words, define each level of prevention.

Mammograms, which are x-rays used to detect breast cancer, are a classic example of secondary prevention. Do mammograms prevent breast cancer? Why or why not? What is the point of screenings such as mammograms?

Give 3 examples of interventions at each level of prevention (that are NOT listed on the website/chart above). Be specific about what intervention you are discussing and what disease it will prevent.

If a person has diabetes and you are educating them on the importance of limiting processed foods, which level of prevention would this fall into and why?

At which level should medical care/public health focus our efforts and why?

Why is it important for science to be falsifiable and testable?

Given funds and available land sufficient to protect a given quantity of land (10,000 ha for example), how would you decide the best size, shape, and configuration of areas to protect? Explain.

1. What are the functions of the following elements found in eukaryotic cells? a) lysosome b) Golgi apparatus c) mitochondria d) endoplasmic reticulum

What are the differences in cell envelope structure between gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria? How might these differences become important if you wish to genetically engineer bacteria to excrete proteins into the extracellular fluid?

B cell Generation/Activation/Differentiation

Briefly describe the Linnaeus system or binomial system

Enumerate the classification of organisms in domains

Describe the chemical and electrical signals

In fruit flies, a grey body is dominant to a black body, and normal wings are dominant to vestigial wings. Flies are heterozygous for both grey bodies and normal wings were crossed with flies that had black bodies and vestigial wings. The following results were obtained:

The results indicate that the genes for wings and body color are on the same chromosome. The recombinant offspring are a result of crossing over.

How many map units (expressed as a percentage to the nearest whole number) apart are the two genes?