Explain using examples, ‘how’ and ‘why’ you would collect Sensitivity and Specificity data when performing a Validation Study on a new DNA STR Profiling Kit.

Describe the molecular mechanism by which high energy charge in the cell inhibits the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. Explain why metabolic regulation of PDH makes sense with regard to controlling metabolic flux through the citrate cycle.

1. When designing an experiment to test your hypothesis, you need at least two different conditions. In the “experimental” condition one or more of the variables are altered to test the hypothesis. The other condition is called the “control” condition. In your own words, what is the purpose of the control condition during the experiment. (3 points)

2. Ionic and covalent bonds between atoms are necessary to build molecules and elements. What is a key difference between ionic bonds and covalent bonds? Hint: The biggest difference has to do with electrons (3 points)

1. How does distance of a prey item affect the net energy gain of the predator?

2. How does prey size affect the optimal distance at which to pursue prey?

3. How does abundance of prey affect the optimal distance?

4. What is the relationship between net energy gain and distance to the prey item for small prey?

Part A - Overview of Macromolecule Classes

Organic compounds are large polymers containing carbon. All cellular and tissue-based structures of the human body can be linked to at least one of these groups.
Sort the descriptions into the bins of macromolecule classes.

Monosaccharide is
the monomerConcentrated energy
made up of hydrocarbon
chains or ringsNot soluble in waterStructural and biological
catalyst macromolecules of
amino acids with various functionsATP is a modified versionMake up the majority of
cell membrane structureHas several different
levels of foldingGenetic information comprising
a sugar-phosphate backbone and
complementary base pairingCommonly used source of
energy with the ratio
1 carbon-2 hydrogen-1 oxygen

Carbohydrates   Lipids  Proteins   Nucleic acids

Part D - Lipid Overview
Like carbohydrates, all lipids contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, but in lipids, carbon and hydrogen atoms far outnumber oxygen atoms. The most abundant lipids in the body are triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids.
Drag and drop each item to all bins that apply.

Charged "head" region with an uncharged "tail" regionFats that contain phosphate groupsBilayer forms selectively permeable cell membraneThree fatty acids attached to one glycerol moleculeAt least one fatty acid chain, typically saturated with hydrogensFats that are the basis for some hormonesMost physiologically important example is cholesterol

Triglycerides  Phospholipids  Steroids

Part F - Nucleic Acid Overview
Nucleic acids carry genetic information, which provides the basic blueprint of life. These are some of the largest macromolecules in the body, and they are composed of nucleotides.
Drag and drop each term to the appropriate statement. Not all terms will be used.
View Available Hint(s)

DNA
Instructions to make protein
Ribose
Cytosine
Deoxyribose
RNA
Thymine
Uracil
1. Guanine always pairs with ___
2. Besides replicating before cell division, the other fundamental role of DNA is ___
3. In DNA, adenine pairs with ___ but in RNA, adenine pairs with ___
4. ATP is a modified nucleotide used for cellular energy that contains the sugar___
5. The sugar in DNA is ___ while the sugar in RNA is ___

Question 1
2 pts
(TCO 1) Which of the following is not a necessary life function?

Nutrients

Maintaining boundaries

Responsiveness

Metabolism

Movement

Question 2
2 pts
(TCO 1) In describing the relationship of the thoracic and spinal cavities,

the thoracic cavity is ventral to the spinal cavity.

the thoracic cavity is inferior to the spinal cavity.

the thoracic cavity is superior to the spinal cavity.

the thoracic cavity is proximal to the spinal cavity.

the thoracic cavity is medial to the spinal cavity.

Question 3
2 pts
(TCO 1) The stomach, liver, intestines, bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs are housed in the

dorsal cavity.

thoracic cavity.

abdominopelvic cavity.

spinal cavity.

cranial cavity.

Question 4
2 pts
(TCO 1) Which type of section could be used to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

Sagittal

Dorsal

Transverse

Coronal

Ventral

Question 5
2 pts
(TCO 1) Which of the following orientation terms have opposite meanings (in humans)?

Distal and proximal

Posterior and intermediate

Medial and distal

Superficial and proximal

Medial and anterior

Question 6
2 pts
(TCO 1) A coronal section through the human body can

pass through both the nose and the occipital region.

pass through both ears.

provide mirror right and left images.

lie in a horizontal plane.

divide the right arm into a left side and a right side when the body is in the anatomical position.

Question 7
2 pts
(TCO 2) Ninety-six percent of the human body is composed of the elements

sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and sulfur.

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

calcium, magnesium, potassium, and iron.

carbon, oxygen, iron, and potassium.

carbon, calcium, sodium, and oxygen.

Question 8
2 pts
(TCO 2) When a pair of electrons is shared equally between two atoms, the bond formed is called a(n)

hydrogen bond.

carbon bond.

polar covalent bond.

ionic bond.

nonpolar covalent bond.

Question 9
2 pts
(TCO 2) Which of the following statements is correct regarding the electrical charge of subatomic particles?

Protons are negatively charged, electrons are positively charged, and neutrons are neutral.

Protons are negatively charged, electrons are neutral, and neutrons are negatively charged.

Protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged, and neutrons are neutral.

Protons are neutral, electrons are negatively charged, and neutrons are positively charged.

Protons are positively charged, electrons are neutral, and neutrons are negatively charged.

Question 10
2 pts
(TCO 2) Glucose and starch are examples of

triglycerides.

proteins.

carbohydrates.

steroids.

phospholipids.

Question 11
2 pts
(TCO 2) Which of the following substances below is matched with its correct organic group?

DNA—lipids

Steroids—carbohydrates

Monosaccharides—nucleic acids

Glycerol—proteins

Enzymes—proteins

Question 12
2 pts
(TCO 2) Which of the following statements about enzymes is true?

They are not reusable.

They are carbohydrates.

They are required in large amounts in order to be effective.

They are stable at high temperatures.

They are biological catalysts.

Epidemiology is critical in the field to identify trends in specific intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) populations, such as Down syndrome and autism. true or false. Explain

Your qPCR quantification results show that you have recovered a total of 30ng in 200µl of AE buffer. First, calculate the concentration of your DNA solution. Second, calculate the volume of DNA to add to the PCR reaction if the total amount required is 2ng. please show all the answer steps.

What is the acute phase response (APR)? What are the main cytokines and a few of the proteins are involved in it? What does this response contribute to innate immunity ?

16. Where are Toll-like receptors (TLRs) located? What TLR would recognize a bacterium that possesses a flagellum? What result does TLR-bacterium binding produce and how would that trigger an innate immune response?

Place checks in the table to indicate which groups have which traits.

Fill in the blank

1. Population genetics examines changes in the _______ of certain traits in _________ from generation to generation.

This is the basis for ______ change in phenotype frequencies through generations is a definition for evolution.

2. Sources of variation include ______ (a change in the DNA code), _________(jumping genes), ________ (two words) of chromosomes during Metaphase I of meiosis, _________(two words) between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I of meiosis, and union of unique ______. A population would be a group of organisms of the same species that have ________ access. Mutations change alleles. ________brings in genes from neighboring populations as well as keeping genes from each population flowing between them. ________ shows a change in gene frequencies due to chance and often isolation. ________ (two words) is the most common process for changing gene frequencies from one generation to the next. This will show ________ which is a change in allele frequency within a population.

The integumentary system is an essential organ system, separating the external environment from the internal environment of the human body. As such, this system protects the body from the invasion of harmful substances, helping to maintain homeostasis. There are many medical procedures that affect the integumentary system, including hair transplants, lipoplasty, rhytidectomy, chemical peels, and collagen injections.

Pick an integumentary procedure, from the list above or from another procedure of your choice, and describe it. Describe the reasons an individual would undergo the procedure and any possible complications. Explain the direct and indirect effects the procedure has on the integumentary system.