What types of physicians practice personalized medicine and is personalized medicine avaliable for all medical conditions?

Sources would be great. Thanks!

Cell Biology Short Answer Question: List the post-translational modifications that occur in the ER. Why are bacteria often a poor choice for the production of proteins for therapeutic purposes?

Once you view the video-link below, post a critique about the potential of using anti-quorum sensing molecules as weapons against bugs that are resistant to traditional antibiotics (250 WORDS -- TYPED -- NO DIAGRAMS).

https://www.ted.com/talks/bonnie_bassler_on_how_bacteria_communicate?language=en

Cell Biology Short Answer Question: In multipass membrane proteins synthesized in association with membrane-bounded ribosomes of the rough ER, signal-anchor and stop-transfer anchor sequences alternate. What do these sequences do? Compare and contrast Type I, Type II and Type III ER membrane proteins.

DAB Standard 6 contains requirements for the physical set-up of the laboratory facility.

Access to the laboratory is controlled and limited

Evidence examination, DNA extraction, and PCR set-up are conducted in separate places or at separate times.

Amplified DNA is confined to rooms separate from those used for other steps.

Robotic workstations used to carry out DNA extraction, quantification, PCR setup, and/or amplification in a single room must be in a separate room from initial evidence examinations.

Written procedures for cleaning and decontaminating facilities and equipment

Explain why each component of DAB Standard 6 is important. A sentence or two addressing each of the five standards under 6.1 is sufficient.

Cells are the basic units of life. They undergo a natural life and death cycle called mitosis and apoptosis. Under normal circumstances, normal cells grow, divide and rest. But cancerous cells do not rest after they grow and divide - they continuously replicate. However, proliferation of cells do NOT always result in cancer, but instead form benign tumors. In your own words, explain the difference between benign and malignant cells. Include the word "metastasis" in your explanation.

Are there any circumstances in which you would allow yourself to be cloned? Why or why not

Question 1 essay writing-just one page

part A

Nitric oxide is involved in firefly flashing. Studying this could provide information to help us understand the action of nitric oxide in other systems. What processes are regulated in humans by nitric oxide? Look online and find a few. Give some examples.

part B

In what way would understanding python digestion mechanisms help humans?

   Read the paper on python digestive physiology (python digestion paper 1 on Blackboard)
• Write a page IN YOUR OWN WORDS about what changes after meals and how understanding it better could help us (and why).

Prediction the phenotype of lambda phage-infected bacteria conferred by the mutations described in the following. Explain your reasoning.

a. A mutation creating a protease-resistant λ CII protein.

b. A mutation of λ O_R2 that will prevent protein binding.

c. A mutation that inactivates the λ N gene.

d. A mutation in the gene encoding the λ CI protein.

Bacteriophage Lambda phage have the ability to survive either as a lysogen w/in a bacterial host or by lytic growth. Lytic growth involves replication of the viral DNA manyfold, assembly of bacteriophage particles, and cell lysis to release the new infectious bacteriophage particles. The bacteriophage particles can each package one entire viral genome of ~50Kb but not much more DNA than that. Use your knowledge of the regulation of the lambda gene expression to design a lambda cloning vector. The cloning vector should be replicated manyfold, and assemble into infectious viral particles that are released by lysis of the host bacterial cell. Hint: think about what genes are necessary for lysogenic growth and dispensable for lytic growth. These are the genes that you can replace with your DNA of interest.

Each year, many people get a flu shot to protect themselves from the flu. Why give flu shots rather than "booster" injections? Why is last year’s flu shot ineffective against this year’s flu? As a class, discuss which of the following methods would be the best type of vaccination for fending off the flu, and explain your reasoning: A. IM (intramuscular) Injection B. Nasal Spray C. ID (intradermal) injection

Gene X encodes a repressor that represses gene Y, which also encodes a repressor. Both X and Y negatively regulate their own promoters. (a) At time t=0, X begins to be produced at rate β, starting from an initial concentration of X=0. What are the dynamics of X and Y? What are the response times of X and Y? Assume logic input functions, with repression thresholds Kxx, Kxy for the action of X on its own promoter and on the Y promoter and Kyy for the action of Y on its own promoter. (b) At time t=0, production of X stops after a long period of production, and X concentration decays from an initial steady-state level. What are the dynamics of X and Y? What are the response times of X and Y?

Gyrate atrophy is a degeneration of the retina that begins in late adolescence as night blindness and progresses to blindness. The cause is mutation in the gene that encodes a mitochondrial enzyme, ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), on chromosome 10. This autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism causes build up in body fluids of ornithine, which derives from the amino acid arginine, found in dietary protein. Researchers sequenced the OAT gene for five patients with the following results:

Patient A: A change in codon 209 of UAU to UAA

Patient B: A change in codon 299 of UAC to UAG

Patient C: A change in codon 426 of CGA to UGA

Patient D: A 2 base deletion at codons 64 and 65 that results in a UGA codon at position 79

Patient E: Exon 6, including 1,071 bases, is entirely deleted.

1. Another patient, F, has the mutations seen in patients A and B. How is this possible?

Organisms use different sources of carbon and energy. Archaeans do NOT use glycolysis and do NOT always use the pentose phosphate pathway, but use variations on these pathways for similar purposes. What is the best classification of this type of catabolism?

Choose the best answer.

A. Chemolithotrophs

B. Chemoorganotrophs

C. Photoheterotrophs

D. Photoautotrophs