With many issues regarding stem cell research with one of them being the utilization of embryonic cells. Do you support or oppose this and why? [Write two paragraphs]

Please don't use older question that was posted .. If you going to write it, please as neat as possible. Thank you in advance!

•Bonnie is 36 weeks and her physician is concerned that the fetus is showing signs of distress.  She orders a “lung profile” which consists of determining the L/S ratio and measuring the percent phosphatidylglycerol (PG) on amniotic fluid.  The results are:

•L/S ratio = 1.0

•PG ratio = 0.3%

1.What is the interpretation of these test results?

Jim, a 25 years old male, presents with hyperthyroidism because of tumor of the parathyroid glands. Jim was told by his doctor that he has a thyroid gland and four parathyroid glands, so image his confusion when his was told that a tumor of his parathyroid glands causes his hyperthyroidism (5pts)

(i) Explain to a very baffled Jim, why tumor of the parathyroid glands can cause hyperthyroidism

(ii) Explain to the Jim the effects of his disease on the hormones that control his bone homeostasis. Your explanation must address specifically the hormone(s) involved and their effect (s) on the bones.

Supplements is not always necessary for a person to receive the adequate amount of vitamins and minerals. using 400-500 words examine a day of your food, drink and supplement intake. According to national institute of health dietary reference intake, are you consuming the recommended amount of vitamins and nutrients? is there a chance of any deficiency or toxicity? What are the dangers if any that you are over consuming or under consuming?

include at least two scholarly references

There a several processes that take place from the moment food enters our mouths until it is completely digested and used for energy. Using approximately 400 words describe the mechanical and chemical digestive process of eating chicken sandwich. what roles do the pancreas, gallbladder, and liver play? where is your body deriving its energy from ? Include at least two scholarly references using apa formatting to guide answers.

Describe the circulation away from the Celiac trunk in the abdomen

Here is information on a patient:

heart rate = 70 beats per minute

blood pressure 150/90

end-diastolic volume = 125 mL

stroke volume = 75 mL

Please answer the following questions:

A. What is the peak ventricular pressure? (must include units)

B. What is the pressure to open the aortic semilunar valve? (must include units)

C. What is this person's cardiac output? (must include units)

D. What is this person's end-systolic volume? (must include units)

Thank you for the help!

Endocrine Case Histories - Case 29

A 50-year-old male had a total thyroidectomy followed by thyroid hormone-replacement therapy. Thirty-six hours later he developed laryngeal spasms, a mild tetany, and cramps in the muscles of the hands and arms. The following tests were performed:

Urine calcium 20 mg/dL
Urine phosphorus 0.1 g/day Plasma calcium 7.0 mg/dL Plasma phosphorus 5.0 mg/dL

Calcium gluconate and vitamin D (calcitriol) were given orally each day and the tetany and laryngeal spasms were alleviated.

1. Discuss this patient’ blood values.

2. What endocrine gland’s functions are impaired in this case?

3. What endocrine disorder is present in this person?

4. What is the purpose of vitamin D administration with the calcium?

5. What caused the tetany and laryngeal spasms?

6. Describe how blood calcium is normally maintained at its physiological level.

7. Does this patient require hormone replacement for this new condition?
Discuss what could possibly happen if he were not treated with this hormone.

8. List all essential hormones.

MUSCLES OF THE NECK

Superficial Neck Muscles:

• Sternocleidomastoid

QUESTION:
1. Explain how during unilateral activation, the SCM can contralaterally rotate the neck

Deep Neck Muscles:

• Scalenes

QUESTION:
2. Would the scalene muscles assist with forced or passive respiration?

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Axioappendicular Muscles:

• Trapezius

• Rhomboid Major

• Pectoralis Minor

• Latissimus Dorsi

• Rhomboid Minor

• Subclavius

•Levator Scapulae

-Pectoralis Major

-Serratus Anterior

QUESTIONS

3. Which muscles are deep and which ones are superficial?

4. Why do pectoralis major and minor have such different actions?

5. Which muscle is most responsible for a “winged scapula”?

Back Muscles:

• Iliocostalis • Longissimus • • Semispinalis • Multifidus • Spinalis -Rotatores

QUESTIONS:

6. What is the overall function of the erector spinae muscle group with bilateral contraction? Unilateral contraction?

7. What is the overall function of the transversospinales group with bilateral contraction? Unilateral contraction?

Abdominal Muscles:

• Rectus Abdominis

• External Oblique

• Tendinous Intersections

• Transversus Abdominis

• Internal Oblique

• Abdominal Aponeurosis

• Linea Alba
• Inguinal Ligament

QUESTION:

8. What is the relative position of each of the 4 muscles (i.e. which is deepest, which is most superficial)?

9. What structures underlie the “6-pack” seen in people with strong abdominal muscles?

10.How would you specifically strengthen the oblique muscles?

ANSWER ALL OF THE BOLDED TEXT ABOVE.

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Spinal Cord & Associated Structures:

• Grey Matter

• Cauda Equina

• Anterior White Column

• Anterior Gray Horn

• Anterior Median Fissure

• Efferent Nerve

• White Matter
• Cervical Enlargement

• Lateral White Column

• Lateral Gray Horn
• Posterior Median Sulcus

• Conus Medullaris
• Lumbar Enlargement
• Posterior White Column

• Posterior Gray Horn

• Afferent Nerve

1. What type of information does an afferent nerve carry?

2. What type of information does an efferent nerve carry?

Spinal Nerve Structures:

• Dorsal & Ventral Rootlets • Dorsal & Ventral Root

• Spinal Nerve
3. Does the root of the spinal nerve carry mixed information? What about the ramus?

• Dorsal & Ventral Rami • Dorsal Root Ganglion 2. Dorsal rami only supply what area of the body?

Brachial Plexus Structures:

• Roots •

• Cords •

• Ulnar Nerve •

4. What is actually happening when you hit your “funny bone”?

• Divisions
• Median Nerve

• Axillary Nerve

Trunks Musculocutaneous Nerve

Radial Nerve

Lumbosacral Plexus Structures:

• Femoral Nerve • Superior Gluteal Nerve • Inferior Gluteal Nerve

• Sciatic Nerve

• 5.Which nerve exits out the greater sciatic foramen ABOVE the piriformis muscle?

• 6.What is the most obvious way to differentiate between sciatic nerve and inferior gluteal nerve?

carnival nerve

7. Match the cranial nerves with their associated roman numeral:

CN I CN II CN III CN IV CN V CN VI CN VII CN VIII CN IX CN X CN XI CN XII

Cranial nerves:

A. Vagus nerve
B. Trigeminal nerve
C. (Spinal) Accessory nerve D. Optic nerve
E. Olfactory nerve
F. Glossopharyngeal nerve G. Oculomotor nerve
H. Trochlear nerve
I. Abducens nerve
J. Hypoglossal nerve
K. Vestibulocochlear
L. Facial nerve

8. Indicate which cranial nerve passes through each foramen:

Ethmoid Bone
Olfactory Foramina: ___________________________________________________

Sphenoid Bone
o Optic Canal: _________________________________________________________

o Superior Orbital Fissure: _______________________________________________

o Foramen Rotundum: __________________________________________________

o Foramen Ovale: ______________________________________________________

Temporal Bone
o Internal Auditory Meatus: _______________________________________________

Occipital Bone
o Jugular Foramen: _____________________________________________________

o Hypoglossal Canal: ___________________________________________________

ANSWER ALL THE ABOVE

Using Growth Hormone (GH) as an example, explain a hypothalamic – pituitary – target organ relationship. A drawing may be helpful but be sure to include words to explain the picture.

Answer the following questions (please cite your textbook or other reference you use, no wikis please)
1. Skeletal muscle cells produce glucose carriers (GLUT 4 transporters). Rather then having these transporters continually on their surface, they store them inside vesicles within the cell. During exercise (muscular contraction), these vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane of the cell, inserting the transporters into the membrane. This allows glucose to enter the cell by passive transport. Which of the factors that affect simple diffusion has been altered in this example?
2. Recall the chemiosomotic synthesis of ATP occurring inside the mitochondria. Would you expect to measure an electrical potential across the inner membrane of the mitochondria when chemiosmosis is active? Why or why not? If so, which compartment in the mitochondria would have a more positive charge?

Please answer the specific questions no need for additional information.

three types of salivary glands and describe their functions