Hominid Anatomy Lab
Terms Response for chart
Sagital crest - crest of bone across the top of the skull yes or no
Facial Prognathism - protruding jaw yes or no
Browridges - bony protrusion above eyes Yes or no
Post-orbital constriction - constriction of cranium behind eye orbits Yes or no
Location of eye socket - placement of eyes forward or to the side
Dental formula 2-1-3-3 or 2-1-2-3
Projecting canines - large, long canine teeth projecting beyond tooth row yes or no
Diastema - gap in tooth row to allow for projecting canines yes or no
Characteristic | Gorilla | Homo Erectus | Homo sapien |
sagital crest | |||
facial prognathism | |||
brow ridges | |||
post-orbital constriction | |||
location of eye socket | |||
dental formula | |||
projecting canines | |||
diastema | |||
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Describe in detail how an action potential is generated in a neuron. In your answer, identify all the phases and specify the membrane potential and the events occurring at each phase.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Explain structural strain theory. List and define the five modes of adaptation.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
1. Outline the physiology of inspiration vs. expiration. Consider these things: the muscles involved, if these muscles are contracting or relaxing, the way volumes and pressures are changing in the thoracic cavity, and the relationship between these pressures and volumes.
2. What does it mean if a system has negative pressure? What forces cause the negative intrapleural pressure between breaths?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
During endochondral ossification, the very first step in turning a hyaline model into bone is
secondary ossification |
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bone collar formation |
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primary ossification |
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chondrocyte hypertrophy |
Action potentials on the surface of the sarcolemma originate at the
A. |
T-tubules |
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B. |
sarcomere |
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C. |
neuromuscular junction |
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D. |
Z-disk |
The most immediate, most effective source of ATP for a muscle fiber that needs to perform at maximum output for a short period of time (less than 10 seconds) is
A. |
aerobic respiration |
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B. |
phosphagen system |
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C. |
anaerobic respiration |
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D. |
glycolysis |
During contraction of the sarcomere, the role of Ca+2 is to
A. |
bind to troponin |
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B. |
bind to tropomyosin |
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C. |
provide the energy for myosin to pull on actin |
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D. |
propagate action potentials |
In: Anatomy and Physiology
If a muscle fiber is stimulated repeatedly, but not allowed to completely relax between contractions, it will exhibit stronger tension as the stimulation becomes more frequent. This is an example of
A. treppe
B. asynchronous motor unit recruitment
C. multiple wave summation
D. tetany
At rest, a skeletal muscle fiber has a sarcolemma that is
A. depolarized
B. polarized with a positive charge on the outside and negative charge on the inside
C. polarized with a negative charge outside and positive charge inside
D. permeable to ions
In: Anatomy and Physiology
You now are given a normal sample of muscle tissue which contains many individual cells. The tissue is minced and digested with enzymes to liberate individual muscle cells. You are given a solution of Dextrose in half-normal saline (NaCl) which you are told is isosmotic but you are not told the concentration of Dextrose or NaCl but they are both present in the solution. In this case Dextrose is permeable to the cell. You place the isolated muscle cells in this solution. Assume all of the solutes inside the cell are not permeable to the cell membrane. What happens to the cells when you place them in this solution and it has reached equilibrium? (5 Points) a. The cells remain the same size b. The cells have increased in size; they swell c. The cells have decreased in size; they shrink d. There is not enough information given in the problem to determine what happens
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Laboratory Test: The patient was then subjected to a 2-hour water deprivation test followed by another blood chemistry profile and urinalysis. Of note, serum osmolality increased to 329mOsm/kg while serum ADH, urine specific gravity and urine osmolality remained unchanged.
Questions to Consider:
Follow-up and Diagnosis: The patient was then injected with a drug called DDAVP (desmopressin) which mimics the actions of ADH. One hour after the injection, serum osmolality decreased to 292mOsm/kg and urine osmolality increased to 480mOsm/kg. Based on the patient’s medical history, the results from lab tests and the, you make the differential diagnosis of idiopathic central diabetes insipidus.
Questions to Consider:
.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
1. The following statement is similar to those you might see on exams. Write a paragraph of 3-5 sentences describing 1) whether the statement is correct or incorrect and 2) the reasoning for your answer. Your answer should demonstrate your understanding of the physiological concepts underlying the statement and be written professionally.
Cortisol elicits a change in gene expression in every cell that it enters.
PLEASE USE PHYSIOLOGICAL REASONING
In: Anatomy and Physiology
2) The primary benefits of anaerobic training come from increased strength and improved enzyme function. Conversely, aerobic training induces significant changes to the cardiovascular system including increase in heart size (cardiac hypertrophy) and function. Explain how this adaptation in heart structure changes resting and submaximal stroke volume and heart rate, and how those changes relate to VO2.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
5- Please explain where is produced the fecundation. Which hormones are produced in the placenta?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
3- Please EXPLAIN the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone axis.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
4- What are the functions of FSH and LH in female and males?
In: Anatomy and Physiology